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Also called Barbone and Caniche, the teacup-toy Poodle is an intelligent and loyal breed. If you want a best friend who is big enough to keep up with your adventures but small enough to ride in your lap, this energetic dog may be a match for you. Affectionate, eager, and playful, they are ready and willing to do what it takes to make you happy. Their intelligence makes them relatively easy to train, and early socialization will help your pup grow to be calm and happy around pets, children, and unfamiliar people. They are a delightful all-around dog that has such strong qualities, it has been a parent breed for dozens of hybrid breeds. Their eyes are dark and brilliant and reveal their intelligence. Their nose is refined at the end of a long, narrow snout, and their teeth meet in a strong scissor bite. A miniature variation dictates that Teacup-Toy Poodles will have a squarely-built body with a deep chest and muscled shoulders. Their stance is elegant but sturdy, and their tail stands straight up. Their hair is typically dense, curly, and even wiry. Their coats come in many colors: White. These tiny little pups are loyal and loving and can fit just about anywhere! Also intelligent, the Teacup Poodle will keep you on your toes and carries many of the same characteristics as their standard sized parents. This breed is selectively bred and is a variation of the Toy Poodle. The only difference between the Toy Poodle and the Teacup Poodle is their size, so we can look to the Toy Poodle for a lot of information about the Teacup. Breed Origin The Poodle is one of the most popular dogs in the world and is in fact one of the oldest pure bred dogs. These dogs originated in Germany and were originally bred to be a working and gun dog that made the perfect hunting dog. The Poodle has a waterproof coat and great retrieving talents. Nowadays, this breed is more known as a lapdog rather than a working dog. They are bred in smaller breeds so that more people can enjoy having a Poodle as a best friend. The Teacup variation of this breed has been selectively bred from the Toy Poodle and must be under 9 inches in height and less than 6 pounds in weight to qualify as a Teacup. Teacup puppies are normally born in litters of one to two, although occasionally there can be more. They weigh around 2 pounds when born and will only grow to around 5 pounds once fully grown. They also are always under 9 inches in height. This is because of the selective breeding process and the fact that there are fewer dogs in every litter. Although there are no official breed standards, the general rule of thumb is that a Teacup Poodle is 9 inches in height and they weigh less than 6 pounds, whereas a Toy breed is less than 10 inches. Their breed is very elegant looking, no matter the size, and they always stand poised. Their eyes are also small, dark and are always alert and they have a long muzzle with floppy furry ears. Coat Their coat is curled and thick and they do not shed any fur. This means they are a hypoallergenic dog and are perfect for those with allergies. Unlike other Poodle mix dogs who may have a mixture of different fur colors, this dog only comes in solid colors. This way, you can determine whether you are being sold a purebred Poodle or not. They are extremely loving and make great companions for everyone, including individuals, families and the elderly. Because of their size, too, they fit into many different environments and will do well in apartments and in city living and also in large homes in the country or in open-spaced environments. Their exercise needs are not great, although they do get bored very easily and do not like to be left alone. If they are left alone for too long they will begin to suffer from separation anxiety and exhibit destructive behaviors. Lifespan The life expectancy of a Teacup dog is relatively long. These dogs can be expected to live anywhere between 12 to 14 years. Some of these problems are similar to the issues that may be carried by their standard sized ancestors due to their genetic similarities. These include: Progressive Retinal Atrophy PRA — this is an eye disorder that eventually causes blindness from the loss of photoreceptors at the back of the eye. Dysplasia — this is normally seen in large dogs but can affect different joints in the body. Also, because of their selective breeding and small size, they are also prone to some other health issues. You should always check with the breeder you are buying from to see whether the dogs show any signs of these problems. The three most common are hypoglycemia low blood sugar , heart defects and patella luxation. Patella luxation is a common condition in smaller dogs and is caused when the patella is not properly aligned. This can cause lameness in the leg or an abnormal gait, sort of like a skip or a hop. To ensure you identify the signs of any of these issues early, ensure you take your dog to the vet for regular checkups. Daily Life Fortunately, taking care of a Teacup Poodle in day-to-day life is not too challenging. They do not have as many needs as other sizes of the Poodle breed. Food And Diet Because they are small dogs , their food needs are not huge. Experts recommend that you feed your Teacup Poodle approximately calories per day, which is the equivalent to approximately 1 cup of high quality dry kibble per day. You should try them on a diet that is specially formulated for toy sized breeds, so you are ensuring that they get the right nutrients. You can also reward them with treats when they exhibit good behavior, as well as fruit snacks. Exercise The Teacup Poodle does not have great exercise needs, because of their size. Despite this, they still need to be walked every day. Exercising your dog can be a great way to bond with them and increase mental stimulation, as well as allowing them to experience new sights and sounds. Experts recommend you take your Teacup Poodle for no more than a 30 minute short walk a day. It is best that you split the walk into three so they do not over exert themselves. This way you could take them in the morning, in the middle of the day and in the evening and you could vary the locations to give your dog new experiences. Your dog will also benefit from toys at home that will increase bonding time with you. Keep in mind that a Teacup Poodle has trouble keeping warm because of their small size. If you live in a colder area, your Teacup will benefit from a sweater or jacket to keep warm! Family Compatibility Poodles love humans and make great companions for everyone, including families. Because of their size, Teacup Poodles can fit into any home, whether you live in an apartment in the city of whether you live in a large house in the countryside. They love to be around you, so they are not well suited to a family that is going to be out for most of the day. That being said, they are extremely loving and a great lapdog — and small enough so you might be able to take them with you! The Teacup may feel intimidated when being held by small children and therefore get a little cranky. Fortunately, with early socialization, this can be fixed. Training Teacup Poodles are easy to train, which is another reason many people love these dogs. They are naturally intelligent which makes your life a lot easier, especially if you have never trained a dog before. Teacups want to learn and want to please and they respond well to positive reinforcement. This includes verbal praise and treats. You will also need to socialize them, especially because they are small. They need to be introduced to other people and animals from a young age so they learn how to interact. You should aim to do this twice a week. You should also clip their nails and brush their teeth. To help prevent dental decay and disease, daily brushing is the normally recommended. Teacup Poodles certainly do well in a family environment and love to be around people. They can feel intimidated when they are around small children, so it is not usually advised to house them with young children. However, this can be fixed with socialization. They can live in both small apartments or in big houses, as long as you give them enough love. How much do Teacup Poodles cost? They are expensive because they can be difficult to breed and there is normally only one or two puppies in a litter. If this is too expensive for you, you may find a Teacup Poodle at your local shelter who needs a home. Summary Teacup Poodles are an adorable, friendly and loving dog. Ensure that you give them the right amount of food, exercise them every day and play games with them and they will love you forever! Teacup Poodles love to be around people and can make the perfect family dog. They are not difficult to train and walking is minimal, so they make a great pet to everyone! What do you think — is a Teacup Poodle the right dog for you? Search Dog Breeds.

Yes Royal Canin is the best, then you have Eukanoba which is a bit cheaper and then of course Pedigree, which I persoanlly do not like. Although there is a new pedigree advanced or active which I am told is better, but dont know if it comes for pups also. At two months of age you can give 4 meals to your dog and at 3 month about 3 meals. Please note that calcium and multi vitamins should also be given to your pup. You can also prepare home made food, the only problem is that after the pup grows up you will have to feed and make a lot of rotis. For home made food you can have veg or non veg. But it should be cooked properly. Do not give sweets to your dog its not good for them. The breeder is the best option to get a proper diet sheet as it will be breed specific. If you see on the long run a food like eukanoba which is cheaper that Royal canin will be better and more convenient for you also and I dont think it would be that expensive, plus follow the feeding instruction as the dog will eat less of it also. On the net there is a golden retreiver club of india and it may be a good idea to contact them too to get a diet sheet etc or speak to breeders listed there regarding care for goldens, grooming, training etc. The picture of the pup looks ok, but remember that they will go through a ugly stage while growing up so dont panic if suddenly your dog does not look like a golden and looks prety weird. You have seen the parents and hopefully your pup will turn out to be like them. All the best. Pedigree Puppy Dry Dog Food Pedigree Buy Now One of the best dog food brands, Pedigree, brings the right mix of nutrients to supplement the nutritional needs of growing puppies. Pedigree was founded in the year and is a subsidiary of the popular American brand Mars. The company retails top-class dog food using premium ingredients and even has a good reputation in the international markets. The brand was founded in the year by Dipnarayan Goswami and has its headquarters in Chattisgarh. It retails everything from treats, food, and supplements for dogs and cats. Here you can also check cat food brands. Royal Canin is a highly trusted pet food brand in India and has a solid customer base here. The brand has a stellar clientele in India and manufactures food products for both cats and dogs. The products are affordable and your pups will love them. The products are free from grains, corn, wheat, soy, and fillers. This new formulation of fresh chicken, egg, and farm-fresh vegetables is high in DHA to boost brain and nervous system development. Notable Features of Grain Zero Puppy Dry Dog Food: Made with chicken, oatmeal, dried egg product Has fish oil and flax seeds Rich in DHA — omega 3 fatty acid Enriched with essential vitamins, minerals, calcium, and phosphorus Pros: Helps in the development of the brain and nervous system Contains easily digestible protein Has no wheat, corn, soy, or fillers Cons: Not suitable for all dog breeds Purina Supercoat Puppy Dry Dog Food Purina The Purina puppy dog food from the house of Nestle is curated to cater to the nutrition needs of puppies. This protein-rich formula houses the ingredients of all-natural foods like rice, corn, wheat, and chicken. It is developed by vets and nutritionists to provide balanced nutrition to puppies. It provides the required amounts of vitamins and minerals like calcium and phosphorus for improved bone health. Notable Features of the Chappi Puppy Dry Dog Food: High-quality protein supports healthy muscles Dietary fibre promotes digestive health Suitable for all breeds, including Pugs, Beagle, Labradors, Golden Retrievers, and German Shepherd Contains calcium and phosphorus for healthy bones Contains crude protein, crude fibre, and crude fat Pros: Acts as a complete meal Strengthens bones and enhances fur sheen Vitamin E helps in building immunity Cons: Pups may not like the flavour FAQs What are the best puppy food brands in India? Pedigree, Royal Canin, and Drools are some of the best puppy food brands in India. What is better for dogs home food or dog food? You can surely feed them home-cooked meals but make sure to consult with your vet first. Laxmi Tiwari Making sense of the urban rush while enjoying the essence of simplicity; she lives life, one yoga asana at a time. Juggling between biosciences and writing is a daily ritual for her. Nothing else brings more joy to her than the little things in life - trying new cuisines, discovering random Spotify playlists, exploring the less-trodden streets. When not writing, you can catch her revisiting The Office, eating cakes, or sleeping. Related Articles. Dog food Introduction Dogs are very different from humans, and so is their food. Usually home-cooked meals lack the essential nutrients needed by dogs. Prepared pet food offers guaranteed nutrition, digestibility, taste, safety, and ease of use, essential to ensure a good health for your dog The dog's food must comprise grain-free, low-starch components, animal fat, full muscle meat, fruits, and vegetables for optimal growth and consistent health. Agood dog food depends on the good quality of ingredients that are used in preparing it. We've gathered a list of the top ten dog food brands, to help the dog owners quickly evaluate the pros and cons while exploring the different options for good dog food brands. Product list 1. With the deliciousness of eggs, this product offers full and balanced dog food that is one of the best dog foods for large dogs. The dog food brand- Pedigree, which was developed based on studies by the Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, has been shown to give dogs a shinier coat and other markers of excellent health. Read this article to know about prices and reviews of the top 10 Dog food brands Updated August 31, This article is related to an affiliate advertising program and The New Indian Express's journalists were not involved in production of this article. Please note that the prices may vary. It is a complete and balanced meal with chicken and eggs for your dog. Expert Comment- Pedigree dog food has more balanced constituents compared to other companies. It also promotes digestive health, stronger muscles, bones, and teeth, and supports natural defences, which would be great for your dog. It is priced around Rs 1,, so you only need to pay Rs. Expert Comment- Purepet is one of the best affordable dog food brands. Their dog food consists of a lot of vitamins and minerals, making it a great option for weight management. The company makes its product with the right combination of vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, and several other nutrients, making it very healthy for dogs. Expert Comment- Drools dog food is a value-for-money product. It is pretty popular in the dog community due to its amazing taste. Besides, it can help your dog gain weight easily and maintain good health. It is a precise combo of healthy, natural ingredients such as rice, proteins, vitamins, and many other things, making it an excellent option for your puppy. Expert Comment- Purina dog food is an excellent option for puppies. It is a value-for-money product and can help your dog get soft skin, a healthy digestive system, and a lot of other benefits. Dogs , Parenting February 20, My friend got himself a Golden retriever cute puppy. The next question which was posed is what to give the puppy to eat and what is the best dog food for golden retriever puppy in India? Golden retriever dogs are prone to certain health issues, genetic joint problems, cancer and allergies. Selecting a high quality dog food reduces the chances of such diseases. It is always advisable to maintain the same food which the pup was fed initially to avoid digestion problems. Gradually you should be introducing to new food or home made food. If you are also looking at getting your first pet then you should read how to choose your first pet. Golden retriever food for puppies Starting the puppy off with the right nutrition will help set them up to face whatever health issues they may face as an adult. As golden retriever puppies grow, their appetites also grow along with it. Golden retriever puppies have a tendency to become overweight and this could lead to serious health problems. How many feedings a day? Initial stages of your puppy it is recommended to give 3 feeds a day. But as the puppy gradually grows reduce it to 2 feeds a day. This increases the longevity of your puppy. Anything beyond 2 should be given only if it is recommended by the vet. This feeding schedule should be started when your puppy is 6 months of age. Your puppy initially would have been eating at approximately am, pm and pm. When should I start giving adult golden retriever food? When your puppy is of 1 year old then you can gradually start giving Royal Canin Golden Retriever Adult food or any other well known brands. Always remember to keep a bowl of water next to food for your puppy or dog. The Best Dog Food for Golden Retrievers Below are our top picks for golden retriever best food which can be bought in amazon too. Puppies need 4x Protein, 9. Best Starter Foods for Golden Retriever Newborn month old : After your Golden Retriever puppy completes 1 month, they should be introduced to a good starter dog food which is an ideal transition from maternal milk to solid foods. These foods meet both the energy and dietary needs of the pups during their weaning phase. The starter foods can also be served to lactating mothers, fulfilling their high energy demands during the nursing period. Here are a few starter food options: 1 Royal Canin Maxi Starter Imperial Royal Canin Maxi Starter is healthfully complete starter nourishment meant exclusively for a large breed dog like Golden Retriever. It has all the significant components for keeping great wellbeing in both the lactating bitch and her little puppies. The benefits of Royal Canin Maxi Starter: The kibble rehydrates rapidly into porridge-like consistency, making it very delicious. Supports excellent digestive health. Strengthens the natural defence of both the mother and pups. Contains essential vitamins and minerals which improve cellular health and immunity. Prebiotics and probiotics in the diet assist gentle and healthy digestion. Contains lean proteins to build strong muscle mass. Consists of natural ingredients that support a higher nutrient absorption and a healthy bowel activity. Consequently, they should be fed at least three times each day. A typical Golden Retriever Puppy consumes around calories a day. Nutritional Requirements of Golden Retriever Puppy 1. Having a good measure of fats in their diet gives them a consolidated energy source for keeping up a functioning way of life. The unsaturated fats too help to brace their skin health. Omega Fatty Acids: Omega 3 and Omega 6 essential fatty acids are vital elements in their diet for keeping strong bones and joints. It also offers good anti-inflammatory effect, that reduces pain and swelling in the joints. The kibble size and shape perfectly adapts to the jaws of a puppy Golden Retriever. Consists of natural fibres to promote excellent digestion in pups. Anti-oxidants build a strong defence mechanism in the pups. The benefits of Orijen Puppy Large Breed: Biologically appropriate food that maintains supreme health and wellbeing in pups. Infusions of freeze-dried chicken and turkey liver make the food highly palatable. Natural sources of Glucosamine and Chondroitin keep strong muscles and joints. Clinically proven anti-oxidants maintain a strong immunity in puppies. Unlike puppies, most grown up Golden Retrievers are satisfied with 2 meals per day. Taurine keeps good cardiac function and also healthy eyesight in the dogs. Contains dietary fibres that keep healthy gut and excellent digestive functioning. Extensive protein content to enhance muscle mass and strength. High quality meat and rice offering greater taste and nutritional value. The low glycemic index of the food eliminates obesity and diabetes in the dogs. Pumpkin as an ingredient regulates intestinal motility. They become less active and therefore a little vulnerable to obesity. It is critical to nourish them with low-calorie sustenance as it keeps an ideal body weight and consequently puts less pressure on the joints. Also owing to their low exercise requirements, they only consume around Calories daily. Low Carbohydrate Content: A diet that has low carbs keeps a healthy blood sugar level in the dog, thus eliminating diabetes and obesity. High Fibre Content: Nature Fibres are essential for Senior Golden Retrievers for keeping an ideal body weight and excellent digestive health. Glucosamine and Chondroitin: Having traces of Glucosamine and Chondrotin in the diet of a senior Golden Retriever, alleviate pain produced in bones and joints. Best Foods For Senior Golden Retrievers 1 Orijen Senior Food In case you are searching for organically proper sustenance that has a low glycemic record that keeps diabetes and obesity at bay in your senior Golden Retrievers, you can have Orijen Senior Food which is effectively the best eating regimen for senior Golden Retrievers. A low carb content keeps an ideal weight and a healthy blood sugar level. Highly delicious meal having fresh Free Run Chicken and Turkey tempts the fussiest of eaters. It comprises of edible protein supporting pure osmosis of supplements and furthermore has L-Carnitine which consumes the abundance of fat stores in the body. The ideal ratio of Omega 3 and Omega 6 controls blood clotting and maintains the health and sheen of the coat. Essential vitamins and minerals keep a robust immune system. Below are some of the foods that should not be given to a Golden Retriever: 1. Raw Eggs. Small Pets Indian Homemade Food that can be given to Labradors and Golden Retriever Dog Breeds Pet dogs are so very aligned as first of the kin in most dog loving Indian homes that it is impossible not to share the human food tid bits with them. The pleading gaze of big brown eyes are hard to avoid and it seems almost cruel at that time to not share our food. But there is always an apprehension regarding the suitability of the human food for our dogs and puppies. Premium commercial dog food brands like Royal Canin , Hills Science plan and Solid Gold Dog Food offer complete and balanced nutrition to assure fulfillment of all basic needs of the pet. In respect to the safety and health of the dogs , you would be glad to know that there are plenty of human foods which the dog can eat to acquire protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. So one does need to walk consciously, but anddo understand that most things which are healthy for you may not be as healthy or even fatal for our four-legged companion. Boiled or scrambled egg, chicken, fish, mutton, beef, pork are all commonly eaten at home and are good sources of protein and fats. Chicken is being a popular dish in most non-vegetarian Indian kitchens is often shared with the home grown and stray dogs, pl ensure to avoid any dinner table offering that entails onion, garlic, excess oil and spices. Even cooked chicken bones are not recommended as it is brittle and may cause oral injuries and in some cases even fatal obstructions in the intestines of dogs that will be required to remove surgically. Grains and Pulses Whole grains like brown rice, wheat, oats, barley, millet and quinoa and pulses supply various important nutrients to the dog. A blend of brown rice and mashed boiled vegetables constitutes an easy and good healthy meal for your furry friend. Some of the dogs can be allergic to wheat; for rest of the doggie population it can be safely eaten in the form of chapatti Indian wheat bread and whole wheat pasta without salt, sugar and acidic sauces. Soybeans also go well with dogs, provided your dog is not sensitive to it. Whole wheat or brown breads can be fed in small quantities. Do not feed these 10 foods to your dog. Storehouse of important vitamins, minerals and fibres, fruits and vegetables are naturally low in calories. They not only make one healthy and energized but also cut the risks of several diseases such as high blood pressure, heart disease and certain cancers. Though low in calories, any fruit or vegetable carry the risk of upsetting the stomach in case of excessive intake. Fruits Fruits are a great power snack to quench in-between meal time hunger. Banana, oranges without rinds , watermelon, muskmelon, berries strawberries, blueberries, blackberries, raspberries , mango are great fruits for dogs. Serving a blend of fruits to the dog, cut into chewable pieces, mixing various flavours, will make fruits more interesting for the dogs. While feeding an apple, just take a very good care to remove all the seeds as they are poisonous for the dog. Certain seeds, like apple seeds contain cyanide which may not be harmful for us because of the small dose of toxins. But the same dose can prove poisonous to our dogs. Grapes and raisins are a complete No-No for the dogs; they can cause irreversible kidney damage — just keep the dogs away from them. Vegetables Boiled, cooked, peeled, raw or as scraps — vegetables are good for your dog. The fresh and crunchy vegetables like carrots, broccoli, cucumbers and spinach are good for health and do a lot of good to the teeth of the dog as well. Sweet potatoes, green beans, pumpkin, bottle guard, peas, tomatoes compulsorily ripe and potatoes boiled or mashed are also much loved veggies. Onions are not be ingested by the dogs in any form raw, cooked, dried, powered as it can damage the red blood cells of the canine. Garlic is also capable of harming the red blood cells of the dog; some people argue that garlic in small quantities act as natural antibiotic. Raw veggies can be eaten by dog but when it comes to relatively greater quantity, the vegetables should be boiled and then mashed or cut into chewable pieces. Treats In small amounts, our canine partners can enjoy cottage cheese, peanut butter, popcorns sans salt and butter , sunflower seeds shelled and plain white yogurt. More natural and plain a treat is — minimum sugar, salts, preservatives — more will they suit the health of your dog. BUT do remember that chocolate, coffee, macadamia nuts, raisins are toxic for your pet. Be very careful with them. Certain dogs, just like humans, can be lactose intolerant; apart from them, milk, in moderate quantities, can be safely digested by all dogs. Cottage cheese is loved by most dogs. Curd and buttermilk are also good sources of prebiotics and calcium. It is recommended that before you offer a new food item to your pet you should consult your vet. Allergies and reactions to particular food stuffs would vary from dog to dog, so it is a good habit to observe your dog each time you feed it a new eatable. Care should be taken to avoid artificial sugar and have minimal salts pinch of salt a day would suffice. About Shikha Sharma Shikha Sharma believes that Mother Earth is our mutual abode, where all creatures have an equal right to live with dignity. This belief is clearly reflected in her wonderful writing pieces that revolve around animals and their well-being. She is the blog editor of Pets World. More like this.

Welcoming a new puppy into your home is an exciting time filled with joy, cuddles, and a few inevitable challenges. One of the most common questions new puppy owners ask is, "When can puppies go outside? Table of Contents Easiest Dog to Take Care of: Top 10 Breeds for a Happy Home Do you ever dream about having a furry best friend who loves to play fetch, gives the warmest cuddles, and greets you with the happiest tail wags every time you come home? A friend who is not just any dog, but the easiest dog to take care of? We know, it sounds like a dream come true, right? But we also understand that bringing a new puppy home is a big step. It's like adding a new member to your family, a little brother or sister.All French Bulldog Insights French Bulldog Breed Info If you're seeking an adorable companion with a charmingly squashed face, an easygoing personality, and a distinct penchant for lounging on the couch, the French Bulldog could just be your perfect match. With their signature bat ears and expressive eyes, French Bulldogs, or "Frenchies" as they are lovingly known, have captured the hearts of many dog lovers around the globe, consistently ranking among the most popular breeds. Renowned for their easy maintenance and the ability to thrive in apartment living, French Bulldogs are a city dweller's delight. Their small size, typically weighing under 28 pounds, makes them perfectly suited to compact urban spaces. However, their charming personalities and heartwarming companionship are universally loved, irrespective of city or countryside living. This breed's laid-back nature does not mean they're devoid of fun and play. On the contrary, French Bulldogs can be quite playful and are known for their often comical and entertaining antics, which only further endears them to their owners. Their affectionate demeanor, combined with a remarkably low barking tendency, makes them a joy to have around the house. French Bulldogs are sturdy, compact, and stocky, with a powerful muscular build that contradicts their small size. They have a smooth coat that comes in a variety of colors, from fawn and brindle to white and grey. Their facial expressions are human-like, and they're known to "talk" using a complex system of yawns, yips, and gargles. However, owning a French Bulldog does come with responsibilities. Their brachycephalic short-nosed nature makes them prone to certain health issues and less tolerant of extreme temperatures. Despite their muscular appearance, they are not the best swimmers, and care should be taken around bodies of water. View Our Available Puppies! They are also known as F1b pups-meaning a 2nd generation Beabull puppy. We usually have a few Unique Colored Beabull Puppies! In each litter of beabull pups, we are usually blessed with a few unique Lilac or Lilac Merle colored puppies in each litter. These puppies are unique and highly sought after. Our adult beabulls typically weigh between pounds once they are adults. They usually reach an average height of inches at the shoulders. The life expectancy of a beabull is normally years of age. Our second-generation beabulls are usually smaller in size than a purebred English Bulldog and have a lot of added benefits and genetic advantages over registered English bulldogs. They usually have a longer muzzle that allows them to breathe better than the snub nose of the bulldog. Giving your beabull regular baths will help keep their coats clean and shiny. So if you live near Augusta Georgia and are looking for a healthy and beautiful beabull puppy then check out are available pups now by Clicking Here. Below are some beabull pups that have been adopted.

How much does a C-section cost for a French bulldog Breeding French Bulldogs Before discussing the litter size of the French Bulldog, we need to talk about dog breeding in general. While we discuss different dog breeds here regularly, it is important to know there are still many issues involved in breeding. While loving a particular breed and enjoying its ideal traits is not wrong, there is a problem with population numbers. Shelter systems around the world are overrun with abandoned and stray dogs, rescued from circumstances which often cause psychological trauma and physical harm. The reasons so many dogs enter the shelter system are varied, but they often come from negligent owners who cannot meet the responsibility of dog guardianship. While you yourself may be a responsible dog guardian, finding the same for all of the puppies in a French Bulldog's litter may not be an easy task. Due to canine overpopulation, there are more dogs than homes to accommodate them. Shelter systems work hard to rehome and care for abandoned dogs, but many do not have the resources to do so. The difficulties from which many of these dogs suffer often means they are shuffled back and forth or are directly euthanized. Another worrying aspect is the presence of unscrupulous breeders. The popularity of French Bulldogs began with professional and legally registered breeders. They not only guarantee that the characteristics of the breed are maintained, but they look after the dog's welfare and give them the best chance to be happy and healthy adult dogs. Unscrupulous breeders only want to make money. They will house dogs in inhumane conditions, not give them proper socialization, neglect their health needs and may be involved in abuse. Keeping dogs in puppy farms means the mothers are often used solely for breeding and are not given a happy existence. Keeping so many dogs in close proximity can also promote many diseases, parasitical infections, skin disorders and more. Even if the dog is physically healthy, they may suffer from serious behavioral problems. Another reason for taking care when breeding French Bulldogs is due to their particular health issues. Although French Bulldogs are wonderful animals which can lead happy lives, they are also a product of certain breeding practices. In a desire to have certain physical characteristics, French Bulldogs have a particular morphology. Their snout is shortened and their stature is very stocky. The result is that these breeds are prone to certain disorders such as brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Studies show that many Bulldog owners are not even aware of the condition [1] , but it can lead to severe respiratory problems and a significant decrease in quality of life. Other health problems common to the French Bulldog include eye problems, entropion , invertebral disc disease, cleft palate and more. For the above reasons, it is not advised you breed your French Bulldog. You will be contributing to an overpopulation of dogs which means dogs already in need are often overlooked. Veterinarians recommend sterilization for both female and male dogs not only for the larger dog population, but for the individual dog. It helps avoid certain physical and behavioral disorders which can make their care difficult. After a French Bulldog gives birth to their litter, they will be able to become pregnant again as soon as they reach their next heat cycle. If your French Bulldog has become pregnant and you are wondering how many puppies they will have in their litter, you should consider spaying the dog as soon as they have been able to wean the puppies and are ready to be separated from their mother. Average number of puppies in a French Bulldog litter If you do not take our advice or your French Bulldog is already pregnant , you will want to know how many puppies are in a French Bulldog litter. In doing so, you will know how many homes you will need to find for each puppy or if it is possible an adopter will take in more than one puppy. The average size of a French Bulldog litter is 3 puppies. It is not abnormal for a French Bulldog to have 4 puppies in a litter, but anything over 5 puppies is unusual. While we will not be able to tell how many puppies a French Bulldog will be able to have early on, we need to carry out checkups with the veterinarian. How to know how many puppies a French Bulldog will have While we may know how many French Bulldog puppies are likely to be born, many people will want to know an exact amount. This can be a difficult to determine, especially in the early stages. Apart from determining the health of mother and fetuses, the veterinarian can help to determine how many puppies will be in a litter. Palpations will be used initially to determine pregnancy. The vet will press and tap the French Bulldog's abdomen to look for the presence of fluid sacs which contain the fetuses. These can only be felt after a minimum of 3 weeks after conception. Even during this time, it will not be possible to know how many fetuses are present. An x-ray is a better way to determine the amount of puppies in a French Bulldog litter, but not until later in the gestation. The reason is that the x-ray needs to pick out the spine and skull in the fetus, which don't develop until at least day 42, but even then it may not be easy to determine exactly how many fetuses are in the litter. Perhaps the best method of determining how many puppies are in a litter is with an ultrasound. This should be carried between the third and fourth week of pregnancy and then again further into the gestation. An ultrasound will not only help to determine the amount of fetuses present, but they will also be able to find out if they are alive. Earlier in the pregnancy, a miscarried fetus will be absorbed into the mother's body, but this will not happen if it has developed sufficiently. An x-ray can tell if the fetus is present, but an ultrasound will let us to know if there is a heartbeat. Complications in French Bulldog pregnancy As we state above, the French Bulldog has certain health issues which affect them as adults. The same problems will affect a French Bulldog's pregnancy. As the Bulldog's hips are narrow, giving birth normally becomes more difficult. Another aspect is the fact that French Bulldogs are brachycephalic dogs. The shape of their head can lead to various problems, particularly with respiration. A mother dog which is giving birth to multiple puppies may struggle to get enough oxygen. If they already have other health issues during their pregnancy, this can exacerbate them. Not only is it problematic for the French Bulldog mother to have complications, but the shape of this breed's head means it can be difficult for the puppies to pass through the birth canal. The word for problems during labor is dystocia and recent reviews have highlighted the specific problems faced by brachycephalic dog breeds. Firstly, French Bulldogs are .It is important to monitor your dog's pregnancy, regardless of breed. With French Bulldogs it is imperative. How much does a C-section cost for a French bulldog As we have seen, regardless of how many puppies a French bulldog can have, a caesarean section is likely. This is regardless of whether it has been scheduled by the veterinarian or if it has to occur due to obvious complications in the birth. The caesarean section is a type of abdominal surgery which involves the veterinarian cutting into successive layers. Once they are in far enough, they will reach the uterus which they open with a scalpel. The puppies are then extracted from the abdomen and their amniotic sacs pierced so they can breathe air. The French Bulldog dam will be anesthetized during the procedure, but this needs to happen just before otherwise further complications such as hypotension may occur [5]. Another reason the anesthetic needs to have short duration is the fact that the puppies will need to start feeding almost immediately. The veterinarian will dry the puppies after the c-section and keep them warm until all the puppies are birthed and the mother regains consciousness. The price of this procedure will depend on various factors: Time of the operation: if the c-section is an emergency and is performed outside of clinic hours, it will normally cost more. Complications: if there are any issues during the operation which require the dog to have extra medical care, this will add to the bills. This is particularly the case if the dog needs to stay in for observation. Weight: if the dog is particularly large, they may need more drugs or procedures to carry it out safely. The same goes if they have related medical conditions. Place: different countries, regions and individual clinics will have varying prices. For the above reasons, we cannot give you the exact price of a c-section for a French Bulldog. You will have to discuss pricing with your veterinarian as you go on checkups during the pregnancy. While this may be expensive, we are paying for the expertise of the veterinary health professional, the materials required during the procedure and various other factors. If you want to read similar articles to How many puppies can a French bulldog have? References 1. Liu, N. February 2, This post may contain affiliate links. Read more here. French bulldogs are a breed of dogs that have gained popularity over the past few decades. Most importantly, French bulldogs, like all brachycephalic breeds, suffer from many health issues due to their physical characteristics. The lifespan for a French bulldog can be a short as years since they often die prematurely due to breathing difficulties such as collapsed lungs which can be caused by their flat faces. A well-bred French Bulldog can live the full years assuming they do not have the brachycephalic dog syndrome or other diseases causing a premature death. While the grunting noises may sound silly, they really can be interpreted wrongly by other dogs. That being said, it should be clear that all dogs need socialization. A good breeder will have taken measures to ensure that the puppies do not have any problems, which includes a good breeding program and health testing. French bulldogs, like all breeds of dogs, are subject to a wide variety of health problems. Photo by MirasWonderland on Shutterstock There is no one cause of death for the majority of French bulldogs. They just seem to be more prone to certain types of diseases or conditions which can lead to their early death. Frenchies are one of the most popular dog breeds in the world. And that includes undesirable health issues. Hip Dysplasia Hip dysplasia is one of the most common orthopedic diseases in dogs, French Bulldogs are no exception. There are a few things you should know about this condition before getting your rescue checked out by a vet. Symptoms include difficulty standing up from a sitting position, difficulty walking or running, inability to climb stairs without assistance, an arched back posture indicating that weight is being shifted onto the front legs , and reluctance or refusal to go on walks or play fetch. Entropion French Bulldogs are a breed of dogs that require careful attention to their eyes. Photo by Ivonne Wierink on Shutterstock Entropion is a condition in which the eyelid rolls inward, causing discomfort and irritation. The dog may rub his eye with one or both paws because of the constant irritation. If not treated, this condition can lead to ulceration or corneal abrasion. If you notice your french bulldog is exhibiting any of these symptoms, it may be entropion and should be treated as soon as possible by a veterinarian. A vet can prescribe topical ointment or eye drops that will help ease discomfort. IVDD When it comes to dog health, there are many common conditions that can affect your pup. One of the most serious is IVDD. This condition often affects dogs who are over 50 lbs and have a long back. What does IVDD stand for? The spine can be injured or damaged in many ways, including from cancer, trauma, infections, congenital defects and IVDD. These discs act as cushions between the bones to absorb shocks during movement. Rupturing of these discs can cause severe pain. When these discs break down they may begin to leak fluid which compresses nearby nerves causing pain and loss of control over muscles in the legs with varying degrees of paralysis depending on how badly these structures are damaged. Brachycephalic Frenchies A major issue for Frenchies are brachycephalic respiratory problems. Do not buy poorly bred puppies with this issue, no matter how cute they may look. This is a condition that affects dogs with short noses and makes it difficult for them to breathe. The problem stems from their anatomy, which includes a shortened nasal passage and an elongated soft palate. These anatomical differences make it difficult for these animals to cool themselves when they pant because the air has trouble passing through the nose, causing them to overheat quickly. It also causes difficulty in regulating breathing as well as changes in the shape of their faces. Also, would you like not being able to cool off or not having sufficient airflow? Dogs regulate a lot through their breathing and one of the symptoms of poorly bred French Bulldogs is the fact that they never close their mouth and lie down to cool down instead of just pant. Heart Failure Dog owners often face the difficult decision of whether or not to euthanize their pet when they are diagnosed with heart failure, so do your best to not let it get so far. What are some signs my dog may have heart failure? If left untreated, it can lead to congestive heart failure, which will cause them to develop symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and increased thirst. Dogs that have been diagnosed with heart failure should not be allowed to exercise strenuously, or at all in some cases. Some medications may help slow the progression of heart damage from high blood pressure or diabetes as well. Having a healthy Frenchie can actually save you money. Remember what I told you above about the health conditions? A major pet health insurance has collected data on what their claims have cost in the past. Health condition. Epidemiology Abstract A life table is a tabulated expression of life expectancy and mortality-related information at specified ages in a given population. This study utilised VetCompass data to develop life tables for the UK companion dog population and broken down by sex, Kennel Club breed group, and common breeds. Among 30, dogs that died between 1st January and 31st July , life expectancy at age 0 was .Female dogs .Life tables varied widely between breeds. Jack Russell Terrier .Life tables generated by the current study allow a deeper understanding of the varied life trajectory across many types of dogs and offer novel insights and applications to improve canine health and welfare. The current study helps promote further understanding of life expectancy, which will benefit pet owners and the veterinary profession, along with many other sectors. Introduction A deeper understanding of life expectancies at different ages within the United Kingdom UK companion dog population, further categorised by sex and breed, is critical to the improvement of canine welfare and health management 1 , 2. For example, existing and potential dog owners can develop realistic expectations for the typical remaining life period of their dogs through the knowledge of life expectancy. To date, much of the research on dog life expectancy has focused on reporting average overall ages at death in dogs that have been selected using referral or first opinion veterinary caseloads 1 , 3 , insurance databases 4 or owner questionnaires 5 , 6. Among companion dogs died between and in the UK, the median age at death was estimated to be .Instead of offering a single value for the average age of at death, a life table is a tabulated expression of life expectancy and probability of death at different age groups of a given population. A life table provides much more detailed information and inference than a single summary average age at death across all ages 7. There are two main types of life tables: a a cohort life table, which summarises the actual mortality experience of a group of individuals the cohort from the birth of the first to the death of the last member of the cohort, and b a current life table, which provides cross-sectional mortality and survival experience of a population during a single or few current years 8. Cohort life tables have also been constructed using a hypothetical i. Both types of life tables have their importance. Cohort life tables can inform the mortality situation of cohorts, but the data for current life tables are generally easier to be collected 8. Human life tables are routinely constructed for countries, or sub-populations within a country, as a proxy indicator of the general health of the population. A decrease in life expectancy implies that events leading to mortality occur, on average, earlier and is, therefore, suggestive of a generally less healthy population .Thus, life tables can be used to monitor changes in the general health of a population over time, as well as to identify vulnerable sub- populations, promoting targeted investigation into the reasons for the observed reduction in life expectancy 11 , .Human life tables are considered an essential tool for effective public planning and policy-making 13 , e. In the UK, a national current life table for humans is generated every three years whereas there is an update every year in the United States 12 , .National life tables are usually constructed for the population overall, per sex, and may include ethnic groups in some countries .Despite their usefulness for the management of human populations, life tables are rarely built for companion animals. Two life table studies for dogs were recently conducted in Japan 10 , 17 ; the first created current life tables for dogs in general, along with estimates for differing sizes, using pet insurance data, whilst the other created a hypothetical cohort life table using pet cemetery data. These life tables have advanced the knowledge of dog life trajectory 18 and have been applied in studies that required information on the life expectancy of dogs of different ages, such as a quantitative risk assessment of the introduction of rabies 19 and the quantification of welfare impact caused by diseases 2. However, given that the breed structure of dog populations can vary widely between countries, the international generalisability of lifetables needs to be considered carefully. In addition, the average lifespan and mortality profiles of individual breeds may differ among national dog populations for a wide range of genetic and healthcare reasons. For instance, on average, Labrador Retrievers lived .The construction of a life table for companion dogs in the UK could facilitate the understanding of the life expectancy and health of the UK companion dog population in a similar way to the application of such life tables in human populations 12 , .A reliable canine life table can enhance our understanding of the life expectancy at different ages, as it demonstrates that life expectancy at each age is not the same as the average lifespan minus that age. There are practical implications when life expectancy is not understood correctly. For example, canine adoption centres may underestimate the typical remaining lifespan of adult dogs being rehomed if predictions about their age at death are based on their current age and the average lifespan. This could lead to a longer length of ownership than the adopting family had originally expected. Moreover, more complex forms of life table modelling can be used to support studies that quantify the burden of diseases on dog health and welfare 2 , .When a disease leads to the death of a dog, this dog foregoes the potential remaining lifespan that it would have lived without that disease. Thus, the burden of the disease increases when a longer period of remaining life lost is caused by a disease, and this information about the life lost can be supplied by a dog life table. The current study aimed to develop the first life tables for the UK companion dog population and dogs of different traits, including sex and some breeds. The resulting life tables could improve our understanding of longevity-related demographics of the dog population in the UK, whilst ultimately contributing to the improved health and welfare of dogs worldwide. The candidate cases were randomly ordered and the clinical notes of a subset of candidates were manually reviewed in detail to evaluate for case inclusion. Case inclusion criteria as a confirmed death required evidence in the EPR that the dog had died at any date from January 1st to July 31st .Animals without information about sex were excluded from the final sample. After descriptive statistics for summarising the demographics of the sample were conducted, a hypothetical cohort life table for the UK companion dog population was constructed with all dogs in the dataset 8. Life tables for subpopulations mentioned below were also built: all life tables needed to have a minimum of 3 dogs in each given year interval and 11 dogs at the last year interval. A minimum of 3 dogs in each given year interval was decided to ensure a sample variance that takes the advantage of averaging i. Thus, we only set the number limit of dogs for the last year interval. Based on the criteria, life tables were also constructed for a male and female dogs, b neutered and entire dogs for both sexes c dogs of different KC breed groups Gundog, Hound, Pastoral, Terrier, Toy, Utility, Working, and non-KC recognised , and d crossbred and 18 breeds of dogs. All the life tables were complete life tables i. Table 1 presents the parameters in the life table and their definition and equations. The life expectancy at age 0 equates to the mean age at death of dogs across all ages. Table 1 Parameters used in a life table. Full size table Data cleaning including removal of dogs a died before January 1st or after July 31st , b with negative lifespan, c without birth or mortality information, d without sex information and management were performed in Microsoft Excel Microsoft Corp. No human data were included in the current study. The geographic spread of the clinics with available postcode data included England .Initial screening identified 97, candidate death cases at any date from 1st January to 31st July .Following a manual review of 32, .The success rate of the combined search terms to correctly identify deceased dogs was .Among the 30, dogs, 14, .There were 17, .There were 23, .Among 23, dogs of KC-recognised breeds, there were .The number and percentage of each breed is in Supplementary File 1. There were 18 breeds included in the life table analyses, accounted for .There were .Life table Table 2 shows the overall life table for the UK companion dog population. The life expectancy at age 0 for UK companion dogs was .The probability of death at each year interval increased with age with an exception of year interval 1—2 0. The probability of death within each year interval remained at or below 0. Table 2 Cohort life table of dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK. Full size table Female dogs .This trend towards greater annual female life expectancy persisted until individuals were 12 years of age, after which the life expectancy of both sexes became similar. When adding neuter status into consideration, a substantially higher probability of death in entire female year 10 and before and male year 4 and before than their neutered counterparts was observed Tables S3 to S6 in Supplementary File 2. Entire females .Full size image Among the KC breed groups and dogs of breeds not recognised by the KC, Terrier had the longest life expectancy at age 0 at .However, comparative patterns of life expectancy between the breed groups at age 0 were not necessarily maintained later into life. For instance, Hound and Toy groups had a similar life expectancy at age 0 but diverged soon after this to reach a difference of 0. The life table of Hound ended at year 17 with a life expectancy of 0. Supplementary File 2 Tables S7 to S14 contains the life tables for the breed groups. Full size image Life tables for the 18 breeds and crossbred varied widely Table 3 and can be found in Supplementary File 2 Tables S15 to S.Jack Russell Terrier had the greatest life expectancy at age 0 at .Compared to other breeds, many brachycephalic breeds i. To explore the longevity of the dogs of different breeds, we examined the earliest age at which the life expectancy dropped below 1. The life expectancy dropping below 1. English Bulldog was the earliest to reach the life expectancy of 1. Table 3 Key statistics extracted from the life tables of 18 individual dog breeds and of crossbred, including the life expectancy at age 0 and at the last age, using the data of dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK. Full size table Figure 3 Relation between the life expectancy at year 0 and year interval in which the life expectancy became 1. Full size image The probability of death was lower in year 0—1 than year 1—2 in most breeds [American Bulldog 0. Some breeds, including American Bulldog, Chihuahua, English Bulldog, French Bulldog, Husky and Pug had a probability of death before reaching adulthood before year 2 30 much higher than the overall dogs 0. Discussion This study presents the first cohort life tables for the UK dog population and dogs of different characteristics, including sex, neuter status, KC grouping and 18 breeds and crossbred dogs. These tables offer information about annual life expectancy and annual probability of death, which has been unavailable from conventional longevity studies in UK companion dogs to date. With the ongoing accumulation and accessibility of death information from Big Data resources such as VetCompass in the future, the construction of life tables for increasing numbers of breeds of dogs and also for other companion animal species should expand. Based on the mathematical and biological plausibility, a valid life table should exhibit the highest life expectancy at age 0 which decreases with age 8 , 15 , .The probability of death may be higher in infancy as the immune system continues to mature in the postnatal period, for both humans and dogs .In dogs, the immune system takes approximately one year for full maturity .In the most recent life tables of humans in the UK, Australia and the US, the probability of death appeared the lowest in ages of 7—11 years i. Some life tables constructed in the current study did not follow this trend in the probability of death, for example, the life tables for neutered males and females. These life tables will be discussed below. The life expectancy at age 0 reported in the current study for dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK in was .Differing data sources for the study populations might partially contribute to this substantial variation. Insured dogs may represent a subset of dogs that live longer than those without insurance, as they may receive more or additional veterinary care, due to alleviated economic constraints on the owners 35 , .Moreover, dog breeds of high disease risk such as brachycephalic breeds might be under-represented in some insurance data than the general population due to the elevated cost to insure and special rules of reimbursement applied to these breeds in some insurance companies 37 , .Breed demographics are likely to differ between these two counties. Breeds of toy or small size have a longer life expectancy than larger-sized dogs and are more common in Japan than in the UK 1 , 5 , 10 , .In contrast, breeds of large and medium sizes, as well as brachycephalic dogs, are more popular in the UK 39 , which present shorter life expectancies. These demographic differences will influence country-level life expectancy estimates at age 0. Variation in estimates may be partly due to sampling effort, as the life expectancy tables from Japan were created using a smaller sample size. While female dogs .Entire animals of both sexes showed similar trajectories of life expectancy from age 0 onwards. However, neutering was associated with an elevated life expectancy at age 0 for both sexes compared to their entire counterparts, and this longevity advantage from neutering was higher in female dogs than in male dogs. A similar survival advantage for neutered animals has been reported in several studies 1 , 40 , 41 , but most data, including the current study, generated these results by dichotomising dogs into neutered or entire without taking into account the duration of gonadal hormone exposure before the neutering. Neutered animals in these cited studies would have already lived to the age of neutering, biasing their life expectancy towards greater length, highlighted by the lowered probability of death at year 0—1 in neutered dogs. As veterinarians may often recommend early neutering for female dogs, sometimes before the start of the oestrus cycle 42 or soon after the first cycle 43 , neutering of females may occur earlier in life than neutering for males .Therefore, the gap of true life expectancy between the sexes due to neutering might be even wider than reported here. Neutering may also act as a proxy for stronger owner responsibility and better care, as it is often considered responsible dog ownership. Thus, neutered animals may benefit from additional survival advantages related to enhanced owner care .Neutering may directly affect the risks of various health conditions and therefore shift life expectancy as a result .Neutering is linked to a reduced risk of tumours within reproductive organs and various cardiovascular diseases, but an increased risk of joint disorders and several types of tumours such as lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma, especially in females .Due to the complexity stated above, our life tables for neutered dogs should be interpreted with great caution. For the 18 breeds and the crossbred category, the number of years contained in the tables, life expectancy and the probability of death at different ages varied widely. Relatively shorter life expectancy at specific year points can be taken as evidence that events and processes eventually leading to mortality are occurring earlier in life in these populations than some other populations, so these populations may have generally poorer health than some other populations 30 , .If the distribution of external factors that may lead to differences in the life expectancy and the probability of death e. Breed predisposition to particular disorders is a well-identified phenomenon .Breeds that show high levels of potentially life-threatening predispositions that start early in life are likely to have a higher probability of death at younger ages and therefore a decreased life expectancy. Indeed, four brachycephalic breeds French Bulldog, English Bulldog, Pug and American Bulldog that showed the shortest life expectancy at year 0 of all 18 breeds in our results are also reported with several predispositions to life-limiting disorders that occur early in life, such as brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, spinal disease and dystocia 48 , 49 , 50 , .Lifespan variations between breeds were explored by examining the association between the breed life expectancy at age 0 and the year interval at which the life expectancy reached 1. Generally, life expectancy at age 0 and the year interval in which the life expectancy became 1. However, although Chihuahuas showed a life expectancy at age 0 of only 7. A lowered life expectancy at age 0 suggests an increase in mortality of younger-aged dogs whose mortality is usually low , and the life expectancy becoming 1. In our results, the probability of death before year 13—14 was higher and much higher before year 4 in Chihuahua than for dogs overall, which became lower after that. It was also observed in French Bulldogs that a low life expectancy at age 0 4. The number of KC registered French Bulldogs in the UK rose steeply from in to 39, in 39 , suggesting that the population of French Bulldogs and other breeds sharing a similar rising trend in popularity in our dataset are biased towards younger dogs that contribute proportionately more deaths in younger ages in the life table. In contrast, breeds with a decreasing trend in popularity may have an underestimated probability of death at younger ages, resulting in overestimated life expectancy. Previous studies have also shown the rising popularity of certain breeds and the association of rising popularity with lower median age 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , .Hypothetical cohort life tables are more susceptible to the influence of population instability, which is common in dogs due to sudden and dramatic fad-like changes in breed popularity .This can be avoided by implementing current or real cohort life tables instead if such data were available. Thirteen of the 18 breeds had a lower probability of death in year 0—1 than year 1—2 in the life tables, some slightly and others substantially. This finding goes against the evidence that mortality is higher in puppy 0—26 weeks and juvenile 27—52 weeks periods than young adult period 1—2 years and empirical results in human life tables 15 , 33 , .This may, in part, be due to substantial puppy mortality occurring before individuals can be registered to a primary veterinary clinic resulting in these deaths not appearing in the current dataset. A more accurate estimation of life expectancy from birth would be possible if all the currently unavailable puppy mortality information could be recovered. Life tables in companion animals offer extensive applications. Similar to a common application for human life table studies, comparison between life tables can support deeper insight into the health of dogs of differing demographics such as sex and breed over time and space 62 , .When life tables are generated periodically for a specific population, changes in the life expectancy and the probability of death at specific ages can indicate changes in the general health and welfare of the population. Comparison of life tables among the populations of different traits such as breed or conformation can also identify less healthy or more vulnerable populations 62 , as demonstrated in our study especially for breeds. Advanced life table modelling can offer useful information allowing the quantification of disease burden on health and welfare in human and companion animals 2 , 64 , .Quantification of disease burden is important because it can assist with the prioritisation of health conditions for targeted reform 66 , 67 , .Coupling these findings with cost-effective analysis on disease prevention and control can assist to allocate resources to priority health conditions and achieve efficient improvements in the health and welfare of the overall population .The value of disease burden quantification has been demonstrated by the Global Burden of Disease project of the World Health Organization to improve human health .The Global Burden of Disease uses the Disability-Adjusted Life Year framework that incorporates life tables as part of the methodology to quantify the burden of many diseases diseases and injuries in 64 , .The WALY constitutes two elements, a years lived with impaired welfare, which is the years having a certain disease weighted by its severity and b years of life lost due to the premature death caused by the disease or resulting assisted death. Future life table modelling that accounts for comorbidity and demographics of dogs can offer information about years of life lost based upon the life expectancy at the age of death for the individual animal affected. Life tables highlight the value of interpreting life expectancy annually, especially at older ages, where differences in life expectancy between ages become narrower. Thus, the current authors propose that life table literacy is important for veterinary professionals, shelter staff, and dog owners because it can optimise decision-making and subsequently can positively impact dog welfare. Life table literacy will promote realistic expectations for the life expectancy of dogs at different ages, helping to make treatment plans for illness and end of life decisions. Shelters and charities can also incorporate this information in the adoption process ensuring that potential dog owners understand the expected length of ownership commitment required for dogs of different breeds, ages, and neuter status. With the foundations for canine life table science built by the current work, we hope to generate further examples of life tables for both dogs and cats using the VetCompass data in the future. The current study provides a proof of concept that can support future research looking to construct life tables for dogs and cats as a periodic recurring endeavour. Consequently, changes in the life expectancy, mortality, and health of companion dogs and cats can be tracked similarly to how it is in human demography 15 , .For future life table construction, we hope to incorporate other sources of information such as KC annual registry data and dog insurance data with further modelling, which will help to produce even more accurate life tables .This study had some additional limitations to those discussed above. Firstly, the high frequency of euthanasia in companion dogs highlights the potentially underestimated life expectancy compared to unassisted death .This is especially biased by euthanasia undertaken for non-life-threatening reasons such as undesirable behaviours, economic reasons or convenience 35 , .Consequently, differing cultures between countries for euthanasia in dogs might substantially influence national life tables. Another limitation is the sole inclusion of primary veterinary practice-attending dogs. Thus, our results might be less representative of unowned dogs or dogs not attending veterinary clinics. Also, some dogs that died at home or in emergency out-of-hours clinics might be excluded from the current data, although the data did capture all deaths away from the clinics that were reported by owners to the veterinary clinics at any time. Lastly, the sample sizes for some of the 18 breeds e. Conclusion The current study has produced the first life tables for dogs in the UK, reporting annual life expectancy and probability of death for the UK companion dog population, dogs of different sex and neuter status, breed groups and also for 18 breeds and crossbred dogs. We report an elevated life expectancy in neutered dogs compared to entire dogs and wide variation in life expectancy between breeds, with Jack Russell Terrier and Yorkshire Terrier having the highest and some brachycephalic breeds showing the lowest life expectancy at age 0. The construction and application of life tables offers great potential for companion animal health and welfare sciences but is still in its infancy. Life tables generated in the current study promote not only a better understanding of the life trajectory of dogs but also offer several applications for the veterinary profession and research to improve the health and welfare of dogs. These deformities are associated with a host of health problems. Respiratory problems Every French Bulldog suffers from some degree of brachycephalic syndrome, which causes all kinds of respiratory problems. Many French Bulldogs snort and snuffle as they struggle to pull in air through a windpipe and nostrils that are malformed. In hot weather, Frenchies should be kept in an air conditioned home and supervised during outside activity so they don't suffer heatstroke. Bone and joint diseases The French Bulldog Club conducted a health survey in which 1 out of every 4 French Bulldogs had one or more bone or joint problems — especially intervertebral disk disease and hemivertebrae. Let's talk about intervertebral disk disease and hemivertebrae in French Bulldogs. Hemivertebrae is an orthopedic disease in which at least one of the bones in your French Bulldog's backbone is deformed into an abnormal shape called hemi. Fortunately, hemivertebrae don't harm the tail, but if they also occur in the backbone.A single deformed vertebra in the backbone can still be okay. But multiple hemivertebrae in the backbone or a single one in the wrong place can compress the spinal cord. At months old, an affected puppy will start experiencing discomfort when you press on his back, or even loss of sensation weak hind legs. Mild symptoms can be relieved by acupuncture, but most puppies with severe symptoms are put to sleep before a year of age, because major surgery would typically put the puppy through a lot of pain for nothing. Hemivertebrae occur in French Bulldogs more than any other breed. In my opinion, any anatomical structure that compromises a dog's health in this way should be changed by breeders — most certainly not "preserved. That's appalling. A more serious hip disease that occurs in Frenchies is Legg-Calve-Pethes. If the knee pops out frequently, or if it pops out and won't go back into its socket.Per leg. Eye diseases Eye diseases in Frenchies include corneal ulcers, retinal dysplasia, cherry eye, entropion, and eyelash abnormalities. At months old, cataracts can appear and can progress to blindness. Frenchies are prone to a number of serious eye diseases. The scariest one is inherited cataracts, which can appear at 6 to 24 months old and often progresses to blindness. A French Bulldog with large, prominent eyes is vulnerable to corneal scratches and ulcers. Heart disease Heart disease is a current concern in French Bulldogs, especially dilated cardiomyopathy and pulmonic stenosis. Skin diseases Skin diseases occur regularly in the loose folds of skin that provide a hiding place for bacteria and fungi. Frenchies are very susceptible to chronic allergies and itchy skin. Young French Bulldogs are prone to demodectic mange, which may be mild or severe. Neurological diseases The French Bulldog is vulnerable to epilepsy, and a devastating disease of the central nervous system called degenerative myelopathy, which can progress to total rear-end paralysis. Blood-clotting diseases Blood-clotting diseases include von Willebrand's, factor II deficiency, hemophilia A, and the more serious hemophilia B. Miscellaneous Colitis inflamed digestive tract and inherited deafness also occur with some regularity in French Bulldogs. Virtually all French Bulldog puppies are born by C-section, birth defects are common, and the puppy mortality rate is high. Clearly Mother Nature is trying to tell us something here. Preventing health problems Some health problems are inherited. For example, if your dog inherits from his parents the genes for an eye disease called PRA, he will go blind and there's nothing anyone can do about it. But most health problems can be prevented by the ways you raise your dog. Become your dog's health care champion! An expert researcher and author of 15 books about dogs, she loves helping people choose, train, and care for their dogs. To help you train and care for your dog Dog training videos. Sometimes it's easier to train your puppy or adult dog when you can see the correct training techniques in action. The problem is that most dog training videos on the internet are worthless, because they use the wrong training method. I recommend these dog training videos that are based on respect and leadership. Respect Training For Puppies: 30 seconds to a calm, polite, well-behaved puppy. For puppies 2 to 18 months old. Your puppy will learn the 21 skills that all family dogs need to know. If your dog is over 18 months, you'll want Respect Training For Adult Dogs: 30 seconds to a calm, polite, well-behaved dog. Again your dog will learn the 21 skills that all family dogs need to know. Teach Your Dog English Words is a unique Vocabulary and Respect Training Program that will teach your adult dog to listen to you and do what you say. All rights reserved. No part of this website may be copied, displayed on another website, or distributed in any way without permission from the author. Create your pet's best life. Inspiring people to have happier pets since .Answers to your dog behaviour and cat behaviour questions. Photos: left, Irina Kozorog; right, Dmussman. Because pedigree dogs are bred from a closed genetic pool, they can develop health issues related to the breed. As well, of course, any dog can be affected by various canine conditions. The studies are based on health records for .Having a better understanding of how common different disorders are in particular breeds means that breeders and Kennel Clubs can make plans to improve the health of those breeds. As well, it means that dog owners have a better idea of the questions to ask a breeder, and veterinarians can keep an eye out for the conditions that are most common in those breeds. When the overall numbers of a breed in the database are small, when the numbers of that breed are growing rapidly, or when the average age of the dogs in the database is young, the data may not reflect all the issues affecting the breed, some of which tend to appear as dogs age. This applies to French Bulldogs in the sample. So which health issues tend to affect French Bulldogs and Labrador Retrievers? French Bulldogs Number of dogs in the database: Median age at time of study: 1. However, given the young age of dogs in the sample, this may change as the dogs age as they are not old enough for many diseases associated with old age. Most common conditions: .Other common conditions were the nails being too long and skin-fold dermatitis. In this sample, 2. These rates are much lower than other studies, likely due to the young age of the dogs and one-year time-scale of the study. Behaviour: Surprisingly, 2. Colours: The most common colours were brindle and fawn. Population growth: The rise in popularity of French Bulldogs is astounding. The paper reports that in , French Bulldogs made up only 0. It may be that some issues typical of the breed would be more likely to appear as the dogs get older, and that breeding practices change as a result of the increased demand e. URT [upper respiratory tract] disease and ophthalmological conditions , the increasing popularity of this breed is not necessarily a benign phenomenon. Median age at time of study: 4. Most common causes of death: Musculoskeletal disorders and tumours were the most common causes of death. Lameness and periodontal disease were the next most common disorders. Chocolate labs were more likely to have ear and skin diseases than black and yellow Labs. Behaviour: In contrast to French Bulldogs, aggression did not feature in the list of the 20 most common conditions. Undesirable behaviour was listed for 1. Colours: Labrador Retrievers come in black, chocolate, and yellow. The most common colour was black, followed by yellow. Other info: The number of Labrador Retrievers in the UK dropped significantly from until when the data for this study was collected. Male dogs weighed more than female ones, and while for females, spaying was not associated with overweight, for male dogs neutering was associated with the dog being overweight or obese. It is possible that a more restricted population gene pool has a higher carriage rate of the disease risk genes involved in ear and skin conditions. The finding that chocolate Labs tend to live less long and are more likely to be affected by certain conditions are interesting. Other research has suggested personality differences between chocolate Labs vs yellow and black Labs , at least according to owner reports. Because the sample of French Bulldogs was so young, they may not yet have been diagnosed with congenital conditions associated with the breed. Research shows that French Bulldog owners typically choose the breed because of it's appearance and personality , but many people are concerned about the health of this and other brachycephalic breeds. Here are some suggestions if you love French Bulldogs but want to consider alternatives too. Modern Dog magazine calls it "The must-have guide to improving your dog's life. She is the creator of the popular blog, Companion Animal Psychology, writes The Pawsitive Post premium newsletter, and also has a column at Psychology Today. Todd lives in Maple Ridge, BC, with her husband, one dog, and two cats. Useful links:. Read Articles Written by Patricia Wuest Due to its adorable personality and good looks, the French bulldog has soared in popularity in both the U. New research examines the cost to the mothers and puppies. Photo Credit: Shutterstock. The results of the research, presented in two papers, were published in the official journal of the British Veterinary Association, Veterinary Record. The studies also found that among the female dogs that had problems giving birth, French bulldogs were 2. This compared to brachycephalic dogs in general, which the RVC researchers found are 1. The researchers examined the records of 20, female dogs that required emergency treatment at 50 Vets Now veterinary clinics between and .French bulldogs are among the most popular breeds of dogs in the UK. An earlier study by RVC researchers found that the most common health issues in French bulldogs were ear infections, diarrhea and conjunctivitis. The original PhD aimed to use these data to understand the epidemiology of health and disease in cats and dogs in the UK with a specific focus on breed-associated issues. I set up VetCompass as a legacy program that would live on indefinitely after the original PhD period and this is now leading to a vast array of other studies. In addition to French bulldogs, other pure breeds, such as Boston terriers, chihuahuas and pugs, are also at risk of suffering birthing problems. Compared to crossbred female dogs, Boston terriers are .The results of our study that led to two peer-reviewed publications in the Vet Record now show that there are well-defined factors that predisposed bitches to dystocia. Understanding the risk factors offers a route to an evidence-based set of actions by breeders, breed clubs, kennel clubs, veterinarians and even prospective owners to reduce this welfare cost. Of the dystocic cases, .Of these surgical cases. Of the bitches that were already dystocic, .Bulldogs are 7. In , they were listed as the fourth-most popular breed; in , they were ranked 11th. So, despite the high risks shown in our studies, we may still have substantially underreported the true risks to the overall breeds. We are working closely with the Brachycephalic Working Group in the UK [a collaborative of academia, breeders and breed clubs, the veterinary profession, The Kennel Club, animal charities and owners] to translate our findings into meaningful and positive change for predisposed breeds. Much of the health issues relating to dog breeds stems less from the dogs themselves and more from the humans associated with these breeds: it is only by joined-up thinking and efforts from all these humans that we can really make the lives of our dogs better. Demography and disorders of the French Bulldog population under primary veterinary care in the UK in .Editor's Picks. This is how you can ensure a happy and long life to your Frenchie 1. Only they can guarantee that you receive a healthy and strong puppy from a quality bloodline. We at TomKings are extremely selective about the breeding parents, we know the bloodlines for generations and exclude any Frenchie that shows any possibility of carrying a health issue. Check out the average French Bulldog Price at a reputable breeder. Focus on the right diet Keeping your Frenchie on a healthy and balanced diet also has a large impact on their lifespan. You should always aim for a high-quality dog food which has all the necessary nutrients. Choosing a grain-free food is a great option as it has more protein, meat and animal fats with a lower level of carbohydrates. Read our guide on how to choose the perfect dog food for your Frenchie. A raw meat diet like B. Wynter, French Bulldog puppy at TomKings Puppies Another thing to keep in mind is that Frenchies are prone to obesity, which can unfortunately lead to some unwanted health issues like back problems, high blood pressure, problems with insulin and so on. Check out our French Bulldog Puppies 3. Good veterinarian, regular checkup Finding a really good vet and taking your Frenchie to regular checkups is absolutely necessary to ensure a long and healthy life. They will not only make sure that your puppy stays up to date with the yearly vaccinations, but will also do blood panels to see if there are any abnormalities or maybe some vitamins or supplements are needed. Minor skin problems can be treated at home but for example lethargy and lack of appetite are two common symptoms that mean your puppy requires immediate medical attention. Accidents can always happen so having pet insurance is an absolutely must for Frenchie parents! The importance of training and exercise Frenchies are companion dogs so they hugely depend on human interaction. Similarly to humans, stress has a large impact on health and their lifespan as well. French Bulldog mommy — TomKings Puppies Owning a Frenchie means that you need to carve out a considerable amount of time of your day to train them and make sure they are getting enough exercise. A short walk in the morning and the afternoon with a couple of training or playing sessions throughout the day are ideal and will tire your Frenchie enough both physically and mentally. If you ask us, playtime is by far the best form of exercise that you can do with your dog whether indoors or outdoors! Ultimate Guide. September 29, Are you thinking about breeding your French Bulldog? If so, the first question on your mind is probably, how many puppies can a french bulldog have? And how many times can a french bulldog have puppies? If you do, you could put her health at risk. French Bulldogs are small dogs and have around 3 puppies in each litter. French Bulldog puppies must be delivered through a Caesarean section aka C-Section. Since French Bulldogs are very small and small-boned, the mothers have an average of just three puppies per litter. Anything beyond five is very unusual for frenchies and seven is the dead maximum. Most Frenchie litters are born by c-section. Because of their high health risks, Frenchie pregnancies must be closely monitored by a skilled veterinarian. Even so, determining the exact number is very difficult. Many use x-rays to try to determine the number of puppies approximately 43 days into the pregnancy. The good news is that many veterinarian facilities do have sonograms. They are the best at telling the number of fetuses and, as a bonus, whether their hearts are still beating. It sounds gross but a lot of things in nature are. Aside from being small-boned, female Frenchies also have narrow hips. As a result, more than three puppies in a litter can result in them being underweight at birth as well as other health complications. On average, most can have about four litters without risking their health. Many breeders impregnate their Frenchies by artificial insemination. Her French Bulldog litter size should be the second question on your mind. Frenchie moms-to-be go through a variety of stages during the pregnancy. The First Month of French Bulldog Pregnancy Up to the seventh day after mating or insemination, the embryos are traveling up the uteran horn. After that, they start to embed themselves on the uterine lining. On the 22nd day, they will start to form their actual shapes. Their heartbeats can be detected on the sonogram on about the 29th or 30th day. She may start to become more affectionate than usual and eat more than usual. Her nipples will start to enlarge. She may even show signs of morning sickness and vaginal discharge during the fourth week. However, not all Frenchie moms-to-be show those signs. The claws usually show up on the 40th day followed by their skeletons and coats on the 45th. Day 50 is usually when the fetuses can be distinguished. Day 58 is when your Frenchie mom-to-be will likely start looking for a nesting place. You can help her by designating a very safe and comfortable area for her and the puppies to come home to. Most Frenchie moms-to-be start eating less around the 45th day. Her belly will start to firm up at that same time. On the 50th day, you may even be able to see the fetuses moving. Her weight increases up to 50 percent more. She will have a lot of vaginal discharge and need to urinate much more than usual. The Third Month of French Bulldog Pregnancy Day 58 is when the fetuses start moving toward the birth canal so the labor can start anywhere between day 58 and .At this time, you will need to keep a very close eye on her to watch for early signs of labor. Be prepared to rush her to an emergency veterinarian if she starts showing signs of labor a little earlier than expected. She will probably not have much of an appetite during the last few days. She may be restless and agitated. She will probably start to show some nesting behaviors such as digging and pacing. During the last two weeks, she may be more affectionate and calm with you but shut out contact with other dogs. She will probably eat a lot. Female Frenchies usually first go into heat at five months. The females are typically in heat also called estrus or oestrus for nine days at a time. Some go into heat every two years. Beware that five months is the equivalent of a young teenager for Frenchies. As a result, if you start breeding them that young, you put both her and the potential puppies at risk. Most Frenchies reach full maturity at the age of two. That sperm also tends not to be as lively at a young age. Frenchies are one of the breeds that are more likely to have a complication called dystocia. Dystocia is when the labor progresses slowly or not at all due to the fetus being abnormally positioned. In French Bulldogs, the mortality rate of the moms is about one percent and 20 percent for the puppies. Frenchies are at a 15 percent higher risk than other breeds. Also, many Frenchie moms are known to have trouble getting the proper amount of oxygen during the pregnancy. This often worsens during labor. After a Frenchie mom has had a litter, she will need at least 18 months to recover before having another. Any less than that and she could have all kinds of mental and physical struggles. Their uteruses and surrounding muscles need time to regrow. They are also known to lose patches of fur during the pregnancy. As a result, those need time to grow back as well. Putting a Frenchie mom through too many cesarean sections is also very dangerous. As a result, she could interpret it as an act of aggression and become aggressive afterward. There is also a high risk of medical issues. These could include hemorrhaging, blood clotting, wound infections and allergies to the anesthesia. On top of that, not all c-sections are successful and not all puppies survive. Many wonder why are French Bulldogs so expensive? The medical attention required in responsible breeding has a lot to do with the price of a French Bulldog. If you are serious about being a French Bulldog breeder please speak to experienced breeders, talk to a qualified veterinarian, and please do your homework. It is not something you should take lightly. Otherwise, you could end up contributing to the overpopulation in shelters. Many are euthanized as a result. Others end up having genetic issues due in large part to improper breeding practices. Yes, animal abuse is rampant but most that end up in shelters are actually neglect cases. You will also need to spare time and money for the care. If any of the above is currently not an option for you, spaying is your best option. Breeding French Bulldogs is very high maintenance work and care. It should be done with the best of intentions and your whole heart. Since over 80 percent of the puppies are born by c-section, it requires close medical supervision. PS — Want to see some adorable photos of super cute French Bulldog puppies? Share on facebook. French bulldogs more prone to birthing problems than other breeds Published: 04 Feb Last Updated: 06 Feb French bulldog bitches are .And, among female dogs that had problems giving birth, French bulldog bitches are then 2. Once they have birthing problems, flat-faced brachycephalic female dogs overall are 1. The academics studied 20, bitches that required emergency treatment at 50 Vet Now veterinary clinics between and .Their findings, published in two papers in The Veterinary Record, highlight the substantial risks that bitches and their puppies face during the birthing process. According to the first paper, 3. Alongside French bulldogs, other pure breeds such as Boston terriers, chihuahuas and pugs, are also particularly at risk of birthing problems. Compared to crossbred bitches, Boston terriers are .Apart from the risk of death, problem births also mean that many bitches have to undergo painful and invasive surgery, with .Bulldogs also known as British Bulldogs , border terriers and golden retrievers were the top three breeds at risk of caesarean section once they have difficulty giving birth. Bulldogs are 7. We all need to fall back in love with dog-shaped dogs and move away from the current fascination with extreme-shaped dogs. The Kennel Club recognises the rewarding experience of breeding a litter of puppies successfully, nevertheless breeding dogs comes with a fundamental responsibility for supporting the bitch and her puppies throughout the breeding process and this responsibility should not be taken lightly. The links to the papers can be found here: O'Neill, D. O'Neill, D.

He is potty trained , crate trained and loves people. He is a goof ball but also a great dog to protect your house. He is playful and loves to follow you around the house. He is mostly black with brown and is beautiful View Detail 15 months old male shepherd Great dog house trained and very smart. They are already very energetic and love to be snuggled. All puppies will come with their first set of shots and AKC papers for you to register if you choose. Well tempered puppies. Contact John Thomas for any questions at x-xxx-xxx-xxxx or email him at xxxxxxxxx xxxxx. She is the sweetest kindest dog I have ever owned. She is so kind and friendly and it breaks my heart to have to part ways. I believe because of my neglect she has turned to getting into mischief, like the garbage or anything edible. She loves attention and frankly requires it. I will not give her to anyone so you will have to prove you can give her a great home. She loves human of all kinds. She is 8 years old, never had an incident when she was aggressive towards anyone. She has no medical issues or concerns. Please call me if interests. Mom and puppies are raised in or home with our family. Puppies will be ready the 3rd week of March. They will be vet checked, dewormed, had there first round of vaccinations and be microchipped. At this time we only have females available. Please contact us for more information, we would love to talk to you! They will be dewormed, had there first round of vaccinations and will be vet checked. All our puppies are raised on puppy culture and come with a health guarantee, vet check, age appropriate shots, fully wormed, contract, AKC registration, puppy go home bag full of goodies and lifetime support. View Detail Dont have time to take care of but shes a great beautiful puppy its a Dont have time to take care of but shes a great beautiful puppy its a German shepherd and husky mixed View Detail Edtradavladimir Two months puppies German Shepard mix with Rottweiler. We are just too busy to take proper care of him. View Detail German Shepherd Shot is up to date. She is friendly and aged 11 months. Have no time to take care of her :. Our older dog is not adjusting well to having another dog in the house though, so we are hoping to find a good home for Ruby. She is crate trained already and very sweet! World Sieger VA and V lines. They are on xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Both are 0FA certified. DM and brucellosis tested. We have 2 males available. They are up to date on vaccines and worming. Vet checked with health certificate and puppy packet. Please visit xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. German Shepherd German ShepherdT The German Shepherd Dog is hailed as the worlds leading police, guard and military dog, however, this dependable breed is more than its 9-to-5 job. Consistently one of the United States most popular breeds according toAKC Registration Statistics, the German Shepherd Dog is also a loving family companion, herder and show competitor. The breed is approachable, direct and fearless, with a strong, muscular body. Derived from the old breeds of herding and farm dogs, the first German Shepherd Dog exhibited in America was in .The fame associated with Rin-Tin-Tin and Strongheart, two members of the breed whose movies played on variations of the boy and his dog theme, shot the popularity of the breed sky-high. Temperament Energetic and fun-loving, the breed is very fond of children once a relationship is established. He is a loyal family pet and a good guard dog, the ideal choice for many families. He requires regular exercise and grooming. The German Shepherd Dog is extremely intelligent. They are very easy to train with a firm hand and keep that training well. Herding Group; AKC recognized in .Ranging in size from 22 to 26 inches tall at the shoulder. Herding, police work.

Written by: Howmuchisit. The German Shepherd is known for herding sheep as well as guarding them. While puppies can be found here, most of the time, the dogs will be older and will be rehabilitated to go to a new home. Lastly, dogs for show will tend to be the most expensive as they will be AKC certified and will adhere to the breed standard. These dogs are known for their cream-color coat and resemble that of a shepherd. The costs, according to Cuteness. It is 35 percent white and came into existence due to a gene mutation. What is going to be included? Any reputable breeder will include registration papers, a health guarantee, a health checkup via a vet, up-to-date vaccinations and a travel crate if shipped. Some breeders may also include a microchip, a starter kit that includes sample dog food and it may be spayed or neutered. Popular in North America and Canada. Czech Working Lines Originated from Czechoslovakia, this line was commonly used for border patrol work. This bloodline revolved around the Czechoslovakia Army and tend to have a high working drive and tend to be very agile. This dog has a distinct look: a larger head and bone structure, as well as a correct working structure. These bloodlines are also known for being very sound. West German Show Lines This is the most popular type of GSD in Germany and is bred to conform to the SV standard, which requires the dog to gain health clearance for the hips, elbows and a working title. The look will be very specific and will typically be uniform, most commonly in the black and red saddle back. West German Working Lines These dogs will have working blood and are said to be the closest of all German shepherd breeds to be produced under Max von Stephanitz. These dogs excel in many sports, real working jobs and positions of service. What are the extra costs? German Shepards are rather easy to train, but many opt to enroll them in obedience classes. It is ideal to send younger dogs to classes before they get too old. Recurring dog costs such as food, shelter, vet visits, and more will incur a monthly cost. Of course, this price can be much higher if you were to have an unnecessary hospital visit. With good care, the average German Sheperd can live 10 to 13 years. These dogs are rather large when compared to other breeds, measuring 24 to 26 inches tall. Females, on the other hand, are slightly smaller, measuring 22 to 24 inches. The average German shepherd weight is anywhere from 66 to 88 pounds for a male and 49 to 70 pounds for a female. As for traits, the dog is known to be strong, courageous, loyal and high intelligence. How can I save money? Consider checking out local adoption centers or German Shepard rescue groups to adopt older dogs. Oftentimes, these dogs will be younger than two years old can be as little as a few hundred dollars. This is a great way to offer an older dog a home and help out the local community. Advertising Disclosure: This content may include referral links. Please read our disclosure policy for more info. Apart from recurring costs such as dog food, toys, and grooming essentials, a great chunk of your finances must go to routine veterinary care and pet insurance. Annual check-ups should be done on adult German Shepherds to check their physical condition and ensure they are healthy dogs. This involves listening to the heart and checking the ears and eyes. The typical lifespan of a GSD is 7 to 10 years. Other Potential Expenses Owning a dog is already comparable to parenthood. German Shepherds, much like any other dog breed, have other needs that go beyond food, water, and shelter. Your dog will be watched over, fed, and socialized with other dogs. Grooming Services: For your GSD to have a well-maintained coat and appearance, you should take them to a professional grooming salon. They will be cleaned, trimmed, and pampered as they deserve. Emergency Treatment: Dogs grow up so fast. As your German Shepherd puppy gets older, they are more prone to health issues like hip dysplasia. Sudden injuries can also happen that will require immediate medical attention and treatment. This will allow them to join various dog shows and other competitions. Places to Find German Shepherd Puppies for Sale and Adoption Once you plan everything out financially, you are ready to find places where you can buy your German Shepherd puppy. Cheap German Shepherd dogs can be bought from puppy mills or a backyard breeder. Buying from responsible breeders is the best option to get healthy puppies that will grow up to be strong adult dogs. To help on your quest, here is a list of breeders certified by the American Kennel Club that offer high-quality German Shepherd puppies: Vom Ragnar German Shepherds — This is a small kennel located in Illinois dedicated to breeding show-quality German Shepherds with sound temperament and the best condition because they have their puppies undergo health testing. This breeder strives to match their GSD pups to the most suited families. Mittelwest German Shepherds — As a well-renowned breeder, the owner ensures that they only produce show-quality German Shepherd puppies that can serve as show dogs, guard dogs, K-9, and much more. They also import and ship their dogs worldwide. West Coast German Shepherds — If you are located in California, this breeder can offer you a health-tested German Shepherd puppy coming from the best bloodlines. Buying the cheapest puppies online seems tempting, especially if you are on a budget, but you might spend more in the future due to medical expenses. To easily distinguish a responsible breeder from a puppy mill or backyard breeder, check out our puppy buying guide. Are you considering adopting a German Shepherd instead of buying from a breeder? If you are, this list can help you find the perfect GSD pup for you: German Shepherd Rescue and Adoptions — Based in North Carolina, this non-profit organization was established to protect and promote the German Shepherd breed. German Shepherd Rescue of Orange County — This volunteer organization is all about placing unwanted, neglected, and abused German Shepherds into permanent, loving homes. Applicants are encouraged to meet up with their chosen dog prior to adoption. Matching their rescue dogs to a suitable owner is their top priority, along with the restoration of their health. For more chances of finding your lifelong companion, check out this list of the 10 best German Shepherd rescues. You can surely find one in your location! Adoption is the cheapest alternative to getting a German Shepherd Dog, and this is more suggested than buying from backyard breeders. Buy high-quality items. You will spend more on replacing them rather than having good products that can last for a longer time. Purchase supplies in bulk. When buying food or treats for your pup, make sure to stock up by buying them in bulk. This can save you a lot of money than buying small bags of kibble or cans of wet food. Keep your dog in excellent shape. To avoid expensive veterinary bills, keep your German Shepherd puppy fit and healthy. Do this by feeding them high-quality dog food equipped with the right nutrients. Groom your GSD at home. Instead of going to a professional groomer, learn to groom your German Shepherd puppy at home. All you need to do is buy the basic grooming tools and research how to groom your dog effectively. Plan your finances accordingly so no one will have to suffer in the long run. They are highly intelligent and loyal dogs that will protect you at all costs. Buying one from a reputable breeder is worth the hefty purchase price than purchasing from backyard breeders or puppy mills. On another note, you can adopt from a local rescue organization, but make sure to ask about any current health conditions that the dog may have. Aside from the financial aspect, make sure you are prepared for the full responsibility of being a German Shepherd puppy owner. Now you know how much German Shepherds cost, are you ready to own one? Share your thoughts in the comments below. My passion for animals started at a very young age as I grow up on a farm with several horses, cows, cats, chickens, and dogs on our property. Leave a Comment. Jean-Francois: How much is a purebred German Shepherd puppy without papers worth? I'm guessing it's a rip-off. Our nonpaper German shepherd just had 12, her 1st litter of no papers German shepherd pups. You can visually see the traits. I do suggest making sure vaccinations are given before buying the puppy. Answer by JTP Actually, that is a great price! I would even say that's pretty cheap, especially since it's a German Shepherd. Answer by SuperGirl It doesn't matter if the parents have papers. Parents with papers should have puppies that have papers as well. I'm also guessing mom and dad don't really have papers either, because papers come to puppies with papered parents. Answer by Kayleigh Let me explain what happened to us. I was young at the time and didn't realize what "limited" rights were. This means the woman who sold me my puppy would not give me the right to register my purebred GSD as a purebred GSD unless I got her spayed. We bought her with the intention of eventually breeding and keeping some puppies for ourselves but also selling a few. I would be breeding my dog with a purebred GSD who is registered, but since I cannot register my dog due to this lady's way of giving me limited rights I would not be able to register the pups either. She is our rescue dog. I got a blood test done that shows she is a purebred German Shepherd, but there is no way of knowing whether she was registered or not. We are going to breed her with one of my friend's purebred German Shepherd males. I was thinking of selling the puppies for around , which is about 1, dollars cheaper than what they are selling registered puppies for in this area. German Shepherd puppies are not easy to breed, especially when they are happy and healthy! German Shepherds cannot be crossed easily. A puppy with a good temperament and genetic health will, however, require additional costs for rearing and breeding. German Shepherds should pay special attention to this. Puppies with dysplastic hips or that grow up aggressive are not what you want. Papers The cheapest German Shepherd puppy is one without papers. Due to the lack of documentation from the breeders, there is no documentation for these puppies. These puppies are typically treated with as little care as possible by breeders. The lineage of a puppy is not known when you buy it. There is more money involved when a puppy has registration papers, health certificates, and temperament test results. The puppy will also benefit from those papers as well as you. Purebred dogs meet the breed standard, which means the dog is up to standard. German Shepherd-wolf-mixes are non-purebreds, so you should never buy them thinking they are purebreds. Whole litters are often registered by breeders instead of registering a single puppy. Veterinarian Visits Genetic health testing is done by reputable breeders, but the puppies are also examined by a veterinarian before eight weeks of age. Breeders also vaccinate, deworm, and place puppies on preventatives during these visits. A reputable breeder guarantees the health of your German Shepherd puppy if you purchase a German Shepherd puppy. Tests to measure temperament can also be provided by most breeders. Training Puppies are also socialized and trained by some breeders. Basic obedience and potty training are often the first steps in the training process for experienced breeders. As a result, housebreaking your puppy will be easier, but it will cost you! Your puppy will be of high quality if it exhibits all of these signs. By doing this, you will be less likely to experience temperament issues and costly vet visits for osteoarthritis diagnosis and treatment. Bloodlines Champion bloodlines are more expensive to breed, so breeders strive to breed them as a priority. There might be no need for a German Shepherd of such high quality for a family. The only thing they require is a puppy that is well-behaved and healthy. A working breed, however, is needed by many people. A champion dog or one that is intelligent and hardworking is the most expensive model. The training of a professional service dog can cost breeders thousands of dollars. There is a difficulty in consistently breeding a guard dog that is family-friendly and protective. The temperament and training of the animal must also be considered by breeders. Origin A German Shepherd that is directly imported from Germany is among the most expensive types. These dogs must be imported and bred by breeders, a costly process. It is common for breeders in the United States to import German Shepherd dogs for the purpose of breeding purebred puppies since the German Shepherd breed originated in Germany. There are more regulations for breeding in Europe, so there is better protection for the bloodlines. There are fewer of them, and their backs are straighter, and their coats are brighter. Their appearance is similar to that of a Belgian Malinois, according to some people. Dogs bred for companionship in the United States are more commonly bred for working rather than companionship in Europe. Rottweilers from the U. Are you at home to train them and spend time with them? Apartment buildings do not allow German Shepherds. Is there another pet in your family? A good GSD breeder will not hesitate to show you how and where their pups are raised — it is one of the ways to recognize good breeders. Which German Shepherd puppy is right for you? On average, a litter of German Shepherds contains eight pups. There are a lot of options there! When it comes to choosing one, how do you decide? The first thing to do is to observe the physical appearance of each GSD puppy. Eight-week-old German Shepherd pups should weigh about 15 pounds when they are ready for adoption, according to the German Shepherd growth chart. As a form of communication, they should walk evenly, wag their tails, bark, whine, growl, even howl! It is, however, important that they do not overdo it with their vocalization. Despite being slightly smaller than adult dogs, German Shepherd males are still a bit bigger than females, despite their size difference. In addition to its body posture, clear eyes, and healthy vocalization, you can tell if a puppy is healthy by observing its body posture. Through interaction with you and their littermates, healthy pups appear energetic and eager to play. A reputable breeder should be the first thing you look for. The reason is as follows. The process of finding one is now as simple as clicking a few buttons. However, there are a lot of unethical breeders out there, so you may end up with a dog that is unhealthy and empty-handed. Find the right breeder before you begin your search for the perfect GSD puppy. Doing proper research will lead you to finding the right German Shepherd breeders, even though finding them can seem challenging at first. Registries with kennel clubs, pedigrees, genetic health tests, temperament tests, and health guarantees are just some of the amazing features reputable breeders offer their clients. Play With The Puppies You should avoid being pushy or irritating to the puppies when you interact with them. You should let your puppy choose you, not the other way around! Many GSD owners have experienced this. All that remains is for it to choose its human! You may, however, ask the breeder for assistance if you are still unsure. If you are looking for a German Shepherd dog for display, work, or family use, make sure the breeder knows what kind of dog you are searching for. In addition to watching all of the puppies interact with each other, you can also ask the breeder to bring each puppy so you can see their individual personalities. Despite appearing shy, some people are not aggressive, sick, or unsocialized just because they are shy. You will also like:. If your breeder had not run these genetic tests on your dog—or if you adopt a German Shepherd from a rescue or shelter, you can run the Embark Dog DNA Test using a simple saliva test you can perform at home. Dogs with CLAD, type III typically exhibit symptoms such as recurrent ear infections, skin infections, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections. Dogs with DM first lose coordination in their hind legs, then they lose muscle mass and eventually the ability to walk. It is caused by a lack of one of the proteins needed for blood to clot properly. Dogs with hemophilia A will often suffer from uncontrolled bleeding, most commonly into the joints. Uric acid is a waste product that is normally eliminated from the body through the kidneys. When the kidneys are not able to remove enough uric acid, it builds up in the blood and can cause health problems. Dogs with hyperuricosuria are at risk for developing bladder stones, kidney stones, and other health problems. P-glycoprotein is involved in the transport of drugs and other molecules across cell membranes. Drugs that are known to cause adverse reactions in MDR1 dogs include digoxin, ivermectin, loperamide, and milbemycin. There are several different types of MPS, each caused by a deficiency in a specific enzyme needed to break down mucopolysaccharides. It is caused by a genetic mutation that impairs the ability of the blood to clot properly. This can lead to frequent and sometimes severe bleeding events which can be difficult to control, even with the help of medications. Dogs with this condition are at an increased risk for bleeding and may require lifelong monitoring and medical management. Symptoms include weight loss, decreased appetite, vomiting, and increased water consumption. Affected dogs have problems with the development of their skin, hair, nails, and teeth. They may also have problems with sweating and the function of their tears and salivary glands. Dogs with this disorder usually have a very thin coat of hair, often with areas that are bald or have very thin hair. Their skin may be dry and cracked, and they may develop sores on their skin. Nails may be abnormally shaped or missing altogether, and teeth may be missing or poorly developed. Dogs with X-linked ectodermal dysplasia often experience overheating. Attend a sanctioned dog show and talk with breeders and competitors for recommendations. Ask your veterinarian for recommendations regarding reputable breeders. Check the Facebook page of the breeder and read through the comments. Remember, however, that comments can be deleted by the page owner. The breeder should be happy to share the name and contact information for customers. Ask questions. Lots of questions. The breeder should be glad to share the test results from the health tests and screenings and should be happy to let you meet at least the mother if not the sire as well of the German Shepherd Dog puppies. Ask how often the dogs are bred. Ask to tour the kennels. Are they well maintained? Do the dogs look healthy? Beware of operations that will not let you tour the kennels and breeders that want to meet you in a parking lot to hand over the puppy. Be prepared for questions. The breeder should ask YOU questions as well; be suspicious if the breeder has no questions about your past history with pets, your living situation, etc. The breeder should want to know how much experience you have with herding breeds, what your training plans are and your plans for exercising the dog. Ask if the breeder will take the German Shepherd puppy—or adult dog—back if necessary. Ask for a contract. If medical problems are diagnosed, the breeder should readily take the pup back and provide a full refund. German Shepherd breeders may adopt out of the area but, nonetheless, you will want to go to the breeder to meet the parents, view the kennels and bring home your puppy in person. This will add to your expenses—but breeders that transport a puppy by air are putting the dog at risk. If you want to buy a German Shepherd Dog from an online breeder, please think again. There are numerous scams; people spend thousands of dollars for a dog and never receive a puppy. AKC warns potential pet parents to be wary of any seller asking for payment by Venmo, in gift cards or as a wire transfer. Dogs purchased from puppy mills can mean years of heartache and expensive veterinary care—and perpetuation of a cruel industry. The pros of purchasing from a German Shepherd breeder: You may be able to select a puppy—including a choice of gender. A reputable breeder will be passionate about German Shepherds and will a resource for years to come. The cons of purchasing from a German Shepherd breeder You will pay far more for a cattle dog from a breeder than a rescue or shelter. If you find a breeder who has German Shepherd puppies for sale at prices much lower than you are seeing from other breeders, you must suspect you are dealing with a backyard breeder who has not done health screening, with an online seller who is operating a puppy mill or with someone who is running a scam. You will need to wait until puppies are available. You will need to do your own due diligence to select a reputable breeder. German Shepherd Dogs in rescues are far less expensive that those at a breeder. Puppies under a year old will be the most costly. This group provides funding to a network of GSD rescues — they do not have dogs themselves for adoption. They have a list of affiliated rescues that can help located adoptable GSDs in your region. A breed rescue is, like the name suggests, a pet rescue that is specifically for one breed of dog. These are generally small non-profit groups that operate through a foster system of volunteers who love the breed. German Shepherd rescues specialize in German Shepherds of all ages; some have primarily purebred German Shepherds while others may also have adoptable Belgian Malinois and Dutch Shepherds. How to Find Breed Rescues Along with the list mentioned above, many breed rescues list their adoptable dogs on large adoption sites such as:. If you are looking to buy a German Shepherd puppy, then you should find one from a reputable breeder. While these puppies are more expensive, a reputable breeder can guarantee the health and behavior of the puppy. These dogs are prone to genetic diseases such as hip and elbow dysplasia. These health issues can be avoided by genetically testing the parents, which is something reputable breeders usually do. When improperly raised puppies might have behavioral issues and can cause a lot of damage if they bite someone. A good breeder will have their dogs pass a temperament test. German Shepherd Dog Price While most dogs in shelters are adults, adopting a German Shepherd is a great way to find a dog without supporting unethical breeding. Sometimes these hardworking shepherd dogs are given up because they are very energetic. Not everyone is able to take care of a dog that needs a lot of attention and exercise. Some people buy a German Shepherd puppy without understanding the work involved in caring for this breed. Why Are They So Expensive? Breeding a healthy and well-behaved German Shepherd puppy is not easy! It is not as simple as crossing German Shepherds together. However, if you want a puppy of good temperament that is genetically healthy, there are other costs involved in the breeding and raising. This is especially important for a German Shepherd. You do not want a puppy that grows up to be aggressive or that suffers from mobility issues due to hip and elbow dysplasia. Papers A paperless German Shepherd puppy will be the cheapest. Typically breeders invest as little as possible in these pups. You get a puppy just how it is, without knowing its pedigree or background. A puppy with health certifications, temperament test results, and registration papers costs more than this. However, those papers will be beneficial not just for you, but also the puppy. This means your puppy meets the breed standard and is a purebred dog. The last thing you want is to buy a German Shepherd wolf-mix thinking it is purebred. Veterinarian Visits Reputable breeders not only genetically health test the parents, but they will also take the puppy to see a vet before 8 weeks for a basic health check. During these visits breeders will also have the puppies vaccinated, dewormed and placed on preventatives. When you buy a German Shepherd puppy from a reputable breeder, they will offer you a health guarantee. Most will also be able to provide you proof that the puppy has passed a temperament test. Training Some breeders also take the time to socialize and train their puppies. Many experienced breeders have a specialized training program that begins the process of potty training and basic obedience. This will mean you have an easier time housetraining your puppy, but you will have to pay for their efforts! These are all good signs that the puppy you are buying is of good quality. This will mean you are more likely to avoid any temperament issues or having to pay for vet visits to diagnose and treat hip and elbow dysplasia. Bloodlines Breeders who focus on breeding championship bloodlines will charge more for their puppies. A family might not need such a high-quality German Shepherd. All they need is a healthy and well-behaved puppy that will bring them years of happiness. However, there are many people who need a working dog or show dog. The most expensive dogs are those that are bred to be champions or protective and hard-working. Some breeders spend thousands of dollars just training a world class service dog. A family friendly guard dog with a protective temperament is not easy to breed consistently. Breeders have to factor in not just the genetics, but also the temperament and training. Origin The most expensive types of German Shepherds are those that are imported directly from Germany. Breeders must pay to stud and import these dogs which is not cheap. Since the German Shepherd breed originated in Germany, breeders in the US import dogs from Germany to breed puppies with a purebred lineage. Breeding in Europe is more regulated so the bloodlines are better protected. These puppies are known as European German Shepherds and are slightly different. They are smaller, have straighter backs and brighter coat colors. Some people think they look similar to a belgian malinois. Most European dogs are bred to be working dogs, while American dogs are more frequently bred for companionship. This is the same for American and German Rottweilers and American vs. European Dobermans. All of these breeder will be able to provide: Pedigree and kennel club registration. Documents that certify the puppy is free of any disease and has been checked by a veterinarian. A health warranty. Health records that guarantee the parents are genetically healthy and will not pass on elbow or hip dysplasia. These German Shepherd breeders all breed their puppies in accordance with the breed standard. None of them will sell puppies that are not registered with the American Kennel Club. Another good place to start looking for breeders is the American Kennel Club marketplace. Many of these puppies are bred to be family dogs and come with their papers. As you start looking into more well-known breeders or those that produce dogs of championship or working bloodlines, then the price of a German Shepherd starts to increase. Julia was a German Shepherd bred by the Harrison K-9 facility, highly trained in protection. She could also understand commands in three different languages. Her intelligence, as well as her ability to protect, were why she was priced so highly. Julia was bought by a billionaire businessman in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The rarest coat color is panda, which is why it is also the most expensive. These German Shepherds are black and white. It is a piebald pattern where the black coat is splotched with large patches of white. Some puppies can have other colors like tan, instead of white. Panda dogs are purebred, but the rarity of this mutation makes them very hard to find. There are very few breeders that sell the panda color. And he actually cost nothing! By the end of his life, Rin Tin Tin had appeared in 27 Hollywood films. Rin Tin Tin most notably helped Warner Bros. But these dogs come in more than just this classic color! There are 11 colors that are recognized by the breed standard. Check out the table below for some German Shepherd prices based on coat color. The tan color covers the chest, belly and legs. White A white puppy has a furry coat that is entirely white, allowing it to blend in with the snow. Its eyes and nose are black as coal. Black A black German Shepherd has a coat that is entirely black. Any other color would classify them as a bi-color. Blue A blue German Shepherd is not literally blue, but has a gray color with a bluish hue. Sable The sable color is one of the most common colors, but is a bit more interesting than the black and tan. The hairs of these dogs have bands of tan and black, giving them a very unique coloring. Some of the factors that contribute to this cost are: Food. If a breeder tries to tell you that his puppies are healthy because their parents never had any issues — do not believe him! It is impossible to diagnose e. Where can you find cheap German Shepherd Dogs? The question is — do you want to purchase a dog with questionable health and temperament? These dogs often are not purebred German Shepherd puppies, but are mixed with e. Labradors, Pitbulls or Golden Retrievers. If you end up with a dog with genetically based health conditions however, be prepared to spend a multiple of the original purchase price on vet costs! Temperament and behavior While a lot of good manners can be taught through consistent training, temperament is genetic to a certain level. When you buy an extra cheap German Shepherd puppy, you not only get a dog with questionable health, but also with unpredictable temperament! Even aggression can be genetic and can be passed on from the mom and dad to the offspring. You can save yourself a lot of time, nerves and money spent on future behavioral training by getting a well-bred and more expensive dog. What is the most expensive type of German Shepherd? Like in many dog breeds, certain rare German Shepherd colors are much more expensive than the most common colors and patterns. It is much more important that your puppy has a sound temperament and fits in well with your family and lifestyle than that he has a certain rare look. These dogs are mutts German Shepherds mixed with Miniature Poodles, Shelties or other smaller breeds. Once more, be certain to not decide on your future dog based on looks alone. A stable temperament and good health is much more integral than a certain size or weight. Working lines vs show lines The German Shepherd was originally bred as a working dog. Since his original use as a shepherd dog however, he has filled many different roles — from guarding properties over being used in the show ring to participating in Schutzhund and IPO trails. Depending on which lines your German Shepherd Dog comes from, the prices can vary a lot! Show line German Shepherds are the dogs that are bred for conformation shows. These are the type of dogs you should decide on if you would like a shepherd puppy as a pet and companion animal. If you are interested in using your German Shepherd as a protection dog and to participate in IPO trials, you should pick one from working lines. There are a lot of highly successful working line breeders both in North America and Europe. For this price, you get an absolutely flawless dog with extensive skills and perfect obedience. Some US dog owners interested in Schutzhund choose to import a puppy from old European working lines. While this might sound insanely high for a pet dog owner, for Schutzhund enthusiasts it is a typical price for a pedigreed German Shepherd pup. How much does it cost a month to own a German Shepherd? This will cover the basics: high-quality food and regular vet checks. Some German Shepherd owners spend considerably more money. Professional grooming is necessary for many German Shepherd owners, as these dogs shed heavily. This breeds tends to exhibit several behavioral issues that can be difficult to fix for first-time dog owners, including: Separation anxiety.

Over the years, we have always kept breeding stock that was structurally correct and naturally muscular with a great personality. Our females are medium size when compared to Labs. They hold their body condition on a limited amount of food and have maintained the great personality. The stud males are very strong, correct dogs that will walk up to any stranger and lick them in the face after a couple pats on the head. All adult breeding dogs must hunt, retrieve and track a downed bird with no formal training. But along the way something unpredictable happened: we fell in love with too many of the puppies. We had to stop raising puppies because our kennel was full and we did not have time to market the pups. Our hunting guests kept asking: where did we get those beautiful Labs, what is story with the spotted female, and where can I find one? So, after many requests, we started a breeding program in .View More About Us Our Adults and Working Dogs While we'd like to tell you the spotted female was a carefully planned creation, truth be known, she just showed up one day in a litter along with 10 black puppies. She is a beautiful female that hunts, points and retrieves with great energy. She has had three litters of pups; these dogs are scattered across the US, are loved by all that have them and are a constant source of high praise by their owners see the accompanying letters of praise. Though we have 12 adult dogs in the kennel, we limit breeding stock to five adult females and three proven stud dogs. Our goals are to offer more spotted puppies; though rare, we should be able to offer more in the future. We now have three young spotted prospects that we selected from two spring litters. If they pass the hunting tests, this fall they will be added to our breeding line. View Our Current Litters Questions? We are very blessed with the dogs we have in our care. By upholding high standards in our breeding program, it is our wish that others may enjoy the great qualities and uniqueness of these Hybrid Dogs for years to come. Should you want to reserve one of our pups or started dogs, please fill out our contact form and which puppy you are inquiring about. Should a Lab Mix take after their Labrador Retriever parent, they will be a playful, energetic, and affectionate dog that loves their families. Labrador Retrievers are energetic dogs that tend to have an extended puppyhood. They are also social, friendly, and tend to be patient and gentle with children. This makes them fantastic pets as they also tend to get along well with other dogs and even other pets, despite their retriever tendencies. If the other parent breed has a similar temperament, then you can expect the same from a Labrador Retriever Mix. You still want to ask questions about the other parent breed as they are bound to introduce some potential quirks of their own. Although Labs are happiest with room to run, they adapt well to apartments as long as they get enough exercise, mental stimulation, and affection. They also do well in most climates, but do not like to spend long stretches of time alone. If the other parent breed is also highly adaptable, then you can expect the same from a Labrador Retriever Mix. Are mixed-breed dogs healthier than purebred dogs? As with purebred dogs, health often depends on reputable breeding practices. Just as a mix can inherit none of the conditions common to their parent breeds, they could also inherit all of them or some combination of them. From the Labrador side, potential health concerns to be aware of in a Labrador Mix include patellar luxation , hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and cataracts. The other parent breed will likely introduce some other potential conditions to this list. Reputable breeders screen their dogs to avoid passing preventable issues to puppies. You can also ask about any health tests or clearances that have been done. Labrador Retrievers are highly trainable dogs that can be a good fit for owners of any experience level. First-time owners may have a challenge at first with their high energy and exuberance, but tend to be successful. If the other parent breed is also highly trainable, then you can expect the same from a Labrador Retriever Mix. If the other parent breed tends to be more challenging to train, then you will want to be prepared for that potential and be ready to enroll in puppy training classes if you need them. A Lab Mix can end up with a coat similar to one of their parents or a coat that is truly a mix of both. Should they inherit the Labrador Retriever coat, it will be short and will shed throughout the year with heavier shedding as the seasons change. Weekly brushing and the occasional bath keep a Lab coat healthy. Trimming nails once or twice monthly keeps them from growing too long. Because dental care is often overlooked, gum disease is one of the most common health issues in dogs. Brushing teeth every day or using an enzyme toothpaste daily in addition to cleanings at the vet as needed helps prevent painful dental diseases later in life. Labrador Retrievers are high-energy working dogs that need plenty of exercise and a job to do to be happy. If the other parent breed is also a high-energy dog breed, then you should expect a Labrador Mix to be a high-energy dog as well. Even if the other parent breed sits in a lower activity range, you will still want to be prepared for the potential of a high-energy dog should they take after their Lab parent. Fully-grown Labrador Retrievers tend to stand inches tall and weigh pounds. The other parent can have a big effect on this, especially if they are the mother. Labs generally live for years. Although the other parent breed could affect this slightly, you should be able to expect a similar average life span from a Labrador Retriever Mix. Featured Labrador Mix Article.

Black and tan, tan, liver, blue, black Activity level High; requires up to minutes of exercise daily Suitable for families Yes, for active families that can meet the exercise requirements Dietary needs High-protein diet; adults require approximately 1, to 1, calories per day depending on activity level Potential health issues Hip dysplasia, allergies, Patellar Luxation, arthritis, elbow dysplasia, and cataracts History of Rat Terrier The Rat Terrier is a breed of dog that was developed in the United States from a mixture of English Fox Terriers, Manchester Terriers and Smooth Fox Terriers. The Rat Terrier was initially bred for hunting rats and other vermin but is now also used as a family pet. As their name suggests, they were used to hunt rats in the US. However, when mouse baits and poison were invented in the s, their popularity declined. In the s, Rat Terriers again were in demand when they were crossed with other toy breeds like Chihuahua. The breed was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club in .The German Shepherd is one of the most popular breeds of dogs in the United States. Image Source: Dids — pexels. They have long tails and erect ears. They are considered an alert and active breed that is known for being loyal and protective of their family. Size The Rat Terrier Shepherd Mix is a medium-sized crossbreed that typically weighs between 40 and 65 pounds. This hybrid is known for being energetic, playful, and loyal. They make great family pets and are often used as service dogs. Rat Terrier German Shepherd Mixes are very versatile dogs and can be easily trained. This dog is known for being an energetic and playful breed that is great with children. They are also very clever and protective of their family. They have a lot of energy and need lots of exercise and stimulation. Grooming is also important for these dogs, as they tend to shed heavily. Rat Terrier x German Shepherd should be brushed at least once a week to keep their coat healthy and free of mats. In addition, they should be bathed regularly and have their nails trimmed. This dog has a lifespan of about 13 to 16 years. They are considered medium-sized dogs, and they weigh anywhere from 40 to 65 pounds. These dogs are known for their intelligence, athleticism, and loyalty. This mix can be great for families with children, as they are known to be protective and loyal. They are also very active dogs and need plenty of exercises. In terms of feeding, Rat Terrier cross German Shepherd should generally eat around two cups of food per day. This can be split between two meals, or given all at once. In general, German Terrier does well on high-quality dog food, though they may also enjoy a good home-cooked meal every once in a while. Rat Terrier Shepherd Mix should never be given table scraps, as this can lead to obesity and other health problems. Just make sure to start out slowly and work your way up to longer distances. Rat Terrier Shepherd mix make great pets because they are so versatile and can adapt to any situation. They are always up for a good game of fetch, a long walk, or an agility course. Training German Rat Terrier are a great new addition to your family. They are full of energy and love to play, but they also need plenty of training. GSD Terrier mix are smart dogs and will learn these commands quickly. These dogs need to know what is expected of them, and they need to be able to rely on you to give them direction. Treats and praise work best and will help your dog learn faster. It may take a little time for them to learn what you are asking of them, but they will eventually get it. German Shepherd Rat Terriers make great pets, and with a little training, they will be the perfect addition to your family. This disease can cause a lot of pain and discomfort for your dog and can eventually lead to arthritis. Allergies can cause your dog to have a lot of skin problems, and they can also be very itchy. If you think your dog might have allergies, take them to the vet so they can get some medication to help clear them up. Finally, another common disease among Rat Terrier cross breeds is cancer. Cancer is a very serious disease, and it can be tough to treat. If you think your dog might have cancer, take them to the vet as soon as possible so they can start getting treatment. Make sure you keep an eye on your dog and take them to the vet if you think they might be suffering from one of these diseases. Rat Terrier x German Shepherd are not often used as guard dogs, but they can be. They are very protective of their family and home and will bark to let you know when someone is coming. They may not be as big as some other breeds, but they will certainly let intruders know that they are there. Rat Terrier cross German Shepherd are also very clever and can be easily trained to do whatever you need them to do. If you are looking for a good guard dog, they may be the perfect choice for you! Is Rat Terrier German Shepherd a good family dog? Rat Terrier Shepherd mix makes great family pets because they are so loving and protective of their family. They are also very intelligent and can be easily trained to do whatever is required of them. If you are looking for a good family pet, a Shepherd Terrier may be an ideal choice. Some may be less, some may be more, depending on the breeder. Be sure to do your research and find a reputable breeder who has healthy dogs with good temperaments. Remember, you get what you pay for! By doing your research and getting to know this breed, you can make an informed decision about whether or not a German Rat Terrier is right for you. They can be great companions, but they do require a lot of exercise and plenty of training. With the right care, however, they can make wonderful pets. Sergey Uhanov, a certified veterinarian, has authored all of the content here. With over 20 years of experience in dog care and breeding three dogs of his own, he has a deep passion for these furry friends. Sergey owns a pet clinic in Israel where he provides care and treatment to dogs. He enjoys sharing his expertise and knowledge to assist others in caring for their dogs. All content on this site is written by Sergey Uhanov who is an experienced veterinarian. For more information about Sergey, click here. As Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. Lifespan Sociability In many cases, these dogs are not available from breeders. Some mixed breeds are popular enough to have breeders dedicated to them, but the German Shepherd Terrier is not one of them. Most dogs will come from accidental litters. A German Shepherd will accidentally end up breeding with a terrier, leaving the owner with a bunch of puppies to get rid of. As you might imagine, the puppies will often be extremely inexpensive. You may even be able to get them for free. However, they would not have undergone the genetic testing that breeders put their dogs through. Some backyard breeders produce this mixed breed, and they may be a better option than purchasing a puppy from an accidental litter. However, the quality of these puppies tends to shift a lot. There are few terriers that a German Shepherd can breed with, making accidental litters a bit difficult as well. Jack Russel Terriers are small, energetic dogs bred to hunt small rodents and protect farmland from pests. The American Staffordshire Terrier is a larger dog that was bred to fight other animals. They are largely kept as companion animals today, though they are also one of the few dog breeds that can handle wild boars and similar, dangerous animals. We recommend asking about the specific terrier used to produce the puppy before adopting them. The breed can affect their temperament significantly. In accidental litters, the identity of one parent may not be known. Some terriers are pretty large, which would produce a dog closer to the size of a German Shepherd. They may weigh as little as 20 pounds or as much as 60 pounds. Often, they are at least somewhat protective. Sometimes, they can be extremely protective, while this trait is less pronounced in other instances. Where their protective instincts fall depends on the genetics they inherit from both parents, as well as how they were raised. Dogs that are heavily socialized at a young age can often be friendly or at least not aggressive towards strangers. This canine will likely never be as friendly as a Labrador Retriever. Often, this breed is exceedingly intelligent. This makes them very easy to train. They are often very devoted to their owners and follow commands easily. However, it also means that they need regular mental stimulation to stay happy and healthy. Otherwise, they can become bored and destructive. With that said, most terriers are not as intelligent or trainable as a German Shepherd. They are still intelligent dogs. They require lots of mental stimulation and exercise. However, as long as you can meet their needs, these dogs are an excellent option for most experienced dog owners. Just be sure you can dedicate the time their temperament calls for before you adopt a puppy. Most are not scared of kids due to their larger size, especially if they have been socialized with children previously. However, sometimes, German Shepherd Terrier mixes can be pretty small. This weight is plenty small enough for some exuberant children to hurt. If a pound child falls on a pound dog, the dog could easily get hurt. Often, these dogs are great with members of their own family, including children. Be sure to keep this in mind if your child regularly has other kids over. The dog might not like them playing together very much, especially if things get a bit rough. In the end, it can be hit-or-miss with this mixed breed and smaller children. However, they are often great for active families with older kids. If you have small children, you may want to look elsewhere for a more appropriate breed. If you adopt these dogs as adults and know that they are on the larger end of the spectrum, they can be good in households with small children. Their protective instincts can be applied to unfamiliar dogs, especially if they come into their home. However, most are completely fine with dogs they have been raised with. However, it takes socialization to make your German Shepherd Terrier mix accept other dogs. We highly recommend puppy classes at an early age. Group classes are great for training and socialization. In fact, we recommend them primarily because they provide a great socialization opportunity that is safe and controlled. They will chase cats and anything else that they interpret as prey animals. Because this is an innate instinct and not fear-driven, socialization will not help you. They will still see it as something to chase. Feists and Italian Greyhounds helped as well. Considering a Rat Terrier mixed breed is a good idea because they are prone to a few health problems such as hip dysplasia and patellar luxation loose kneecaps Some of these issues may be less prominent and it may elongate their lifespan. Rat Terrier hybrids will do well with ample space to exercise and play along with high-quality dog food for a long, happy, healthy life. The Rat Terrier Chihuahua mix is affectionate, loyal, loves attention, and will make an overall great family dog. This mixed breed will typically have a short coat but could have a longer one from the Chihuahua parent. They get along well with others and are affectionate. However, they do have a strong prey drive, so they may want to chase the cat or other small pets you may have at home. They are curious and could be aloof from their Beagle parent, so training the Beagat Terrier will need to be met with patience. They have high energy levels and will need ample space and plenty of exercise and playtime. Be warned; this pooch has a smooth, double-coat that will shed a lot. Daily brushing to keep the loose hair at bay will be a must. They have a long spinal cord and small rib cage, leaving them pretty fragile. However, the Rat Terrier Dachshund mix is great with kids, energetic, and playful. They love attention but will enjoy some alone time now and then. The Poorat Terrier will get along well with others as long as they are trained and socialized early and well. Regardless of size, this pooch will be low maintenance with grooming. Whippet Rat Terrier mix This friendly and curious pooch will need early training and socialization to get along well with others. Grooming needs will vary, depending on which type of coat they inherit from the parent breeds. This doggo is playful, lively, and will make a great companion. They do love to dig, so be careful of your garden! The Shizurat is also energetic and will need ample exercise and playtime each day. This doggo is friendly and a good companion dog. Australian Shepherds are sweet while Rat Terriers are feisty, so it may be a perfect mix of the two. However, they are also stubborn and may be prone to separation anxiety. This doggo does require minimal grooming, thanks to its short coat. Having them on a leash or letting them romp in a fenced-in yard will be great for them. This crossbreed is also not hypoallergenic and will have moderate grooming needs. Shiba Inu Rat Terrier mix This medium pooch will have a short coat that will need weekly brushing. This Ratshire will have moderate grooming needs with its medium coat. This doggo is intelligent, affectionate, and playful. They may also have a strong prey drive, so early training and socialization will be good for them. This will diminish their high energy level. Depending on the coat it inherits, the Ratsky Terrier may have moderate grooming needs. The Rat Terrier Boston Terrier mix will be a small size, typically a perfect mix of both parent dog breeds. This doggo will need moderate grooming with weekly brushing. This mixed breed is easy to train and loyal. This small to medium-sized pooch will need moderate grooming. Pugs, like Bulldogs, have short noses. This doggo is intelligent, easy to train, energetic, and will be an overall great family pet. They love attention and may cause mischief around the house to get some. The Rat Terrier Cocker Spaniel mix will need a fenced-in yard to let loose and get out some of their energy. Having a hybrid will allow your pooch to have different personality traits and even different grooming needs. You can choose a hybrid that will work well with your family in terms of activity levels, as well. Do you have a Rat Terrier mix at home? Let us know in the comments below! With a background in animal science, dog training, and behavior consulting, her hands-on experience and extensive knowledge make her a trusted source for dog owners. When not writing or leading the K9 Web content team, Cess can be found volunteering at local shelters and participating in dog-related events. Leave a Comment. Rat Terriers were initially bred in the early s and originally came from the United Kingdom. Furthermore, Rat Terriers have their roots related to a hunting background. On the other hand, German Shepherds were generated in the latter part of the s to protect herds. As the name implies, these dogs were developed in Germany. Both parent breeds have their own extensive history, yet their hybrid version is not the oldest hybrid dog breed. Terrier cross breeding became demanded in the late s. They were developed to create dogs with unique looks and great personalities. Rat-Shepherds gained popularity in recent years. Most probably around the s. It is also clear that these two breeds have distinct appearances. So what would their mixed-breed look like? Rat-Shepherds could have more physical characteristics from one parent over the other or be a perfect blend of both breeds. Purebred Rat-Terriers are considered small-sized dogs, and German Shepherds are considered medium to large-sized dogs. Therefore, it is hard to pinpoint which category Rat-Shepherds belong to. Rat-Shepherds typically have a weight of pounds and a height of inches. They have short to medium length coat that often combines two to three colors, including black, white, brown, and tan. They have erect ears, sharp eyes, and slender yet muscular bodies, which add more boldness to their appearance. How big do Rat Terrier and German Shepherd mix get? As mentioned above, it is hard to predict exactly how big a Rat-Shepherd would get. Inheriting genes from a small dog breed and relatively a large dog breed, Rat-Shepherd often becomes a medium-sized dog. Therefore a full-grown, healthy Rat-Shepherd could have an approximate weight of 50 pounds and a height of inches. Genes are the primary determinant of their size. Meanwhile, few other external factors, such as nutritional food and physical activities, also impact the growth of a Rat-Shepherd to a reasonable extent. The measures could slightly differ due to the mentioned factors. Nonetheless, as we know, now these breeds have become trendy family dogs. These dogs are affectionate and loyal. Also, they have bold personality traits that they own. Therefore, Rat-Shepherds get a blend of these temperaments. Rat-Shepherds are active, energetic, tenacious, clever, and highly protective. Rat Terriers and German Shepherds are both energetic and lively dogs which undoubtedly makes their hybrid versions the same. On top of it, Rat-Shepherds are excellent watchdogs; hence German Shepherds have a great reputation as watchdogs. Sometimes they can be a little feisty due to the predator instinct they especially get from Rat Terriers. Rat-Shepherds are generally good around children and other pets, but early socializing is necessary. Raising them with proper training from a young age will make them great family pets. How long do Rat Terrier and German Shepherd mix dogs live? Rat-Shepherds typically enjoy a good life expectancy range thanks to the parent breeds. RatTerriers are considered one of the dog breeds with the highest life expectancy, around years. German Shepherds have a life span of years. So if your Rat-Shepherd is in good health condition, it will likely enjoy a life span of years. How much do Rat Terrier and German Shepherd mix puppies cost? The price of a Rat Terrier and German Shepherd mix could vary for several reasons. Previously mentioned factors could change their price. Therefore the cost of their hybrid version also varies accordingly. Usually, you will have to spend around US Dollars if you are willing to buy a quality Rat-Shepherd. However, you should never forget the duties and responsibilities you should fulfill as a dog parent. Maintenance is one of the crucial things to pay attention to when having a dog. You might feel like it will be hard to maintain a hybrid dog, but if you have a fair understanding of the maintenance of parent breeds, you can ace the job. Below you can find some valuable tips regarding the maintenance of Rat-Shepherds. Follow a grooming schedule Grooming schedule of a dog changes from breed to breed. Nevertheless, following a grooming schedule is very important no matter what breed they belong to. The good news is it is not tiring to maintain a grooming schedule for a Rat-Shepherd because these dogs require minimal grooming needs. Rat-Shepherds mostly get short to medium length coats. However, it will not be as dense as a purebred German Shepherd coat. Weekly brushing would be sufficient to maintain a healthy and smooth coat. These dogs can be prone to dental issues, so make sure to brush their teeth a couple of times a week to maintain their oral hygiene. It is also important to trim their nails and check their ears at least once a month. Rat-Shepherds could be affected by common health implications from both parents, such as hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, patellar luxation, and allergies. Feed good food, and make them exercise Nutritional food and plenty of physical activities are mandatory to ensure the well-being of a Rat-Shepherd. These dogs do not require complex dietary needs, but you must feed them with quality food as they have high energy levels. The number of calories that a Rat-Shepherd needs varies according to their body weight. Typically two to three cups of dog food would be sufficient per day. When it comes to exercises, you can simply take them for a walk or play with them for minutes. Also, try your best to be consistent with the exercise schedule. Final thoughts about Rat-Shepherd dog breed If you are a first-time dog owner, you might feel reluctant to get a hybrid dog because it is fair enough to think they could be a handful for an inexperienced dog owner. However, if you educate yourself with the basics, it will not be as complex as you think. Rat-Shepherds are the hybrid version of two all-time favorite dog breeds, Rat Terriers and German Shepherds. Whether you are a first-time dog owner or an experienced one, Rat-Shepherds will be a good fit for you. Rat-Shepherds will make affectionate, loyal, and protective family friends if you raise them with proper care. Hope you found this article helpful. Thank you for reading this article! Stay tuned with Jack Russell Owner for more interesting posts about your favorite dog breed. Author Lisa Watson Lisa W. One of her research fields is mixed-dog breeds and their temperament, behavioral issues, and genetic health concerns. Also, she gathers data about purebred dog breeds and their origin, lifespan, and genetic conditions. Lisa is a loving dog parent who is keen to share her expertise with other fellow dog parents. Parson Russell Terrier Fox Terrier Feists readily distinguish themselves from other hunters like hounds as they utilize air and ground scent as well as sight to track their quarry, and they pursue it silently. They often specialize in rodents and hares but are fierce enough to effectively corner larger game like wild pigs. Rat Terriers are treeing feists, meaning they often run animals like squirrels into trees and await their owners. They contributed fierceness and agility to the Bull and Terrier of the time even as they received additional speed from the Whippet and Italian Greyhound and pack social etiquette from the Beagle. Although largely replaced by Bull and Terriers and later Pit Bull Terriers for rat baiting in England, Rat Terriers would prove to have an exceptional affinity for rat control in the US. Rat Terriers suffered a population decline with the arrival of rat and mouse baits and poisons in the s. The terriers would make a comeback in the s, according to Rover. Their popularity was sealed when crosses with Chihuahuas and other Toy breeds increased their appeal as house pets, and their speed earned them a reputation in various competitions like agility and flyball. Your Rat Terrier German Shepherd mix may pick up the following background characteristics from the Terrier side. Very alert and active, high-energy Fast and agile High prey drive — tendency to chase animals who run Intelligent The Rat Terrier Shepherd could inherit several feist-like physical features Erect, button, or folded-tip ears Slender but muscular build — compact with relatively long legs; Beagle lines have shorter legs Short or bobtail Smooth coat with little or no underfur Rat Terriers are about 10 to 18 inches tall and weigh from 10 to 25 pounds with more people seeking dogs under 13 inches at the shoulders. They were traditionally black and tan, but like others in the feist group, they are now often tricolor with large areas of white. Rat terriers can also be calico, bicolor, fawn, chocolate, merle, or sable. Dilute colors like blue and Isabella or Pearl can appear with or without white markings and may also combine with merle. Bicolor dogs are usually black and white or red and white. Sable is similar to the color in Collies where at first glance a Rat Terrier may appear solid brown until you notice the black-tipped hairs or varying tones of red. German Shepherds contribute a background of drive and versatility When you imagine a working GSD you most likely picture a large athletic and beautiful dog with a single-minded purpose and drive. It may shock you that German Shepherds did not always make the best working animals. Max von Stephanitz chose a show dog named Hektor Linksrhein as the founding father of the German Shepherd breed. Hektor, who under von Stephanitz became Horand, embodied the beauty of the herding dog type and could also work in the field. However, many dogs of the Thuringian line were unfocused, unruly, difficult to train, and highly predatory and aggressive, according to Germanwatchdogs. Von Stephanitz brought dogs from the Wurttemberg and Swabian regions of Germany to add stability, size, work ethic, and weather resistance to his sire lines. German Shepherds developed an unparalleled ability to focus on work as well as versatility that made them useful during World War II when many other breeds were in severe decline. Your German Shepherd mix will likely inherit at least a couple of the following attributes from his GSD parent. Intelligence, obedience, and trainability. It's okay if this is an estimation: it is just a starting point. We then factor in your dog's breed composition, information at certain genes that affect size, and their inbreeding coefficient to calculate genetic age. Exercise and diet also play a role in how long your dog will live. Nevertheless, genetic age is the primary risk factor for numerous diseases in dogs, including cancer, kidney disease, osteoarthritis, cataracts, cardiac disease and cognitive decline. If your dog has recent wolf ancestors, you will see that in the breed mix report. Instead, the Wolfiness Score is based on the number of ancient genetic variants your dog has in our unique Wolfiness marker panel. These ancient genes may be a few thousand years old, or may even date back to the original domestication event 15, years ago. They are bits of a wild past that survive in your dog! These markers are thought to be related to "domestication gene sweeps" where early dogs were selected for some trait. For people with puppies, you probably want to know how big of a crate to buy or just how big to expect your dog to become. But genetic weight is also useful for people with fully grown dogs. Just like with people, overweight and obese dogs suffer reduced length and quality of life. They can develop chronic health conditions and suffer from limited mobility and other issues. How do we predict weight? How accurate is the predicted weight? Unlike in people, healthy weight in dogs is controlled largely by only a few genes. However, due to a few as-yet-undiscovered genes and genetic interactions that affect size, this algorithm sometimes misses. Occasionally it misses by a fairly large amount especially when a dog has a breed with an unknown size-influencing gene. This information will inform our ongoing research into the genetics of size and weight in dogs. Because they are inherited whole, your dog and his or her mom share the exact same maternal haplotype. Because most breeds were started with only a few individual dogs, many breeds are dominated by only one or a few haplotypes. These groups all originally descend from one male or female wolf, usually one that lived tens of thousands of years ago. Because they are inherited whole and not shuffled like other DNA, they can be used to trace the ancestral routes that dogs took around the globe en route to your home. Only male dogs have paternal haplogroups because they are determined by the Y chromosome, which only male dogs have. How are Max's ancestors represented in her DNA? All dogs are related and share some DNA. Siblings share lots of their DNA half of it in fact , cousins share a bit less an eighth , and so on. Because dog breeds are made up of a closed group of dogs, all dogs in that breed share a lot of their DNA, typically about as much as second cousins, though it varies by breed. Different breeds that are closely related share somewhat less DNA, and dogs from very different breeds share even less DNA but still much more DNA than either dog shares with a cat. DNA is inherited in pieces, called chromosomes, that are passed along from parent to offspring. Each generation, these chromosomes are broken up and shuffled a bit in a process known as recombination. So, the length of the segments your dog shares with her ancestors decreases with each generation above her: she shares longer segments with her mom than her grandma, longer segments with her grandma than her great-grandma, and so on. How does Embark know which breeds are in Max? We can use the length of segments Max shares with our reference dogs to see how many generations it has been since they last shared an ancestor. Long segments of DNA that are identical to known purebred dogs tell Embark's scientists that Max has, without a doubt, a relative from that breed. By testing over , genetic markers, we build up her genes one DNA segment at a time, to learn the ancestry with great certainty. Other dog DNA tests look at many fewer genetic markers and have to take a guess at breed ancestry based on that. What does this mean for Max's looks and behavior? The exact similarity depends on which parts of DNA Max shares with each breed. Embark will tell you even more about Max's traits soon! In these rare cases we contact the owner to find out more and let them know about their unique dog before they get their results. With this in-depth detective work, we are pushing science forward by identifying genetically unique groups of dogs. Still have questions? Let us know with our contact form or by email at howdy embarkvet. Some dogs descend from other dogs that were themselves mixed breed. These other dogs can give small contributions to the ancestry of your dog, so small that they are no longer recognizable as any one particular breed. Just kidding. But we do think supermutts really are super!

Optimal feeding amounts may vary according to your pet's temperament, activity level and environment. If you have any questions regarding your pet's health, please contact your veterinarian. Transition Instructions We recommend at least a 7 day transition before you begin feeding the new food exclusively. On the 7th day, you can feed the new food exclusively. All of our dry diets are preserved naturally with mixed tocopherols, citric acid, and rosemary extract. Our canned diets are naturally preserved and sterilized during the cooking and canning process. Where do the ingredients in Royal Canin diets come from? Royal Canin is making strides towards sustainability by attempting to obtain sources of raw materials as close to each manufacturing facility as possible. In some cases, we use international suppliers, because only those suppliers can offer raw materials that comply with our quality and food safety standards. Why do some Royal Canin diets contain by-products? Royal Canin chooses ingredients because they deliver high-quality nutrients that support our customized pet food formulas. Using chicken by-product meal instead of chicken meal for example will allow Royal Canin to maintain its highly customized nutrient standards while achieving a more secure and sustainable supply. Why do some Royal Canin diets contain grains? As always, we focus on the nutrients each ingredient provides and grains can provide many important nutrients. How do you ensure Royal Canin diets are safe for my pet? Our Quality and Food Safety systems are state-of-the-art and we continue to invest heavily in new technology to make sure they remain that way. We monitor every load delivered to our plants to verify the safety and quality of the ingredients we use to make pet food. We perform tests on finished pet foods before they are shipped to our customers. How do I know which Royal Canin diet is right for my pet? Based on size, age, lifestyle, and breed, each cat or dog has unique nutritional needs. For healthy pets, use our Product Selector to find the right diet for your cat or dog. If your pet is experiencing health issues, please refer to your veterinarian for more information. Your veterinarian will consider multiple factors when recommending an appropriate diet. Country of Origin France The Pug is one of the most popular companion dogs, whose character strengths lie in its charm, dignity, intelligence and balance. A growing Pug requires a tailored food such as this Royal Canin Pug Puppy to meet special requirements and nutritional needs during its short, sensitive growth phase. Royal Canin Pug Puppy dry dog food offers nutritional balance in a tailored recipe with a moderate fat content. This combines with high-quality L. This kibble has been specially tailored to ensure your Pug can easily take on sufficient nutrients, with the ideal shape for the brachycephalic head shape. It also encourages chewing, without your dog wolfing down its food. Royal Canin Pug Puppy also contains fatty acids from borage oil to keep skin healthy and support a strong skin barrier function. Royal Canin Pug Puppy at a glance: Breed-specific dry food for Pug puppies up to 10 months For a healthy puppy life: The special recipe meets the needs of puppies and supports the immune system, skin health and digestive system. Tailored food: Crunchy kibble that is tailored to the jaw and mouth shape of Pug puppies, encouraging intensive chewing and nutrient intake. Bodily defences: patented antioxidant complex to help build a healthy immune system High digestibility: thanks to high-quality L. This means that Royal Canin offers your dog high-quality, balanced nutrition.