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Intelligent Pug Characteristics Pugs are extremely playful and love to interact with their owners. They also get along well with other animals, especially cats and other dogs. They're most known for: Friendly Easy going Health Issues Because these dogs have only been bred for a few years, there has been no study on whether there are any specific health issues being produced from these crosses. In order to get a better idea of which health problems a puppy might face, you must research the parent breeds involved, and take a look at health issues that are common to them. The average reported lifespan of these dogs is between 12 to 15 years. Boxers can be prone to cardiomyopathy , bloat, hip dysplasia , and hypothyroidism , among other possible health threats. Pugs can be prone to obesity, breathing problems , eye problems, and skin problems. Boston Terriers are prone to eye problems , heart problems, epilepsy, and skin problems. Fox Terriers can be prone to Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, patellar luxation, congenital hypothyroidism with goiter, and primary lens luxation, among other health issues. Rat Terriers can be prone to allergies, dental problems, and patellar luxation. Corgis are prone to eye problems, glaucoma , and progressive retinal atrophy. Beagles are prone to epilepsy , intervertebral disk disease, and tumbling puppy syndrome. English Bulldogs are prone to a long list of health concerns, including obesity, heat stroke, elongated soft palate , heart disease, and more. Keep in mind that a particular pup might never face one of these health issues, but the possibility could be there in the gene pool, so it's good to be aware. Are you InTheKnow? Sign up for our newsletter featuring all the latest stories and products we love. Invalid email I agree to receive email communications from LoveToKnow. The breeding procedures used to create this mix are extremely controversial. Many " miniature " dogs have been heavily inbred, so it's not uncommon for them to develop genetic disorders or become ill at a young age, even from a reputable breeder. The miniature Boxer is also a high-energy breed that requires a hands-on owner. They aren't meant for owners with sedentary lifestyles or those who reside in apartments. Because the miniature Boxer sheds, it may not be suitable for those looking for a hypoallergenic dog breed. If you understand the cons, there are many pros to this breed. Since they are smaller than Boxers, they are less expensive to feed and easier to care for. They require slightly less exercise than the original breed and can do well in smaller spaces, even if they aren't ideal apartment dogs. This mix is family-friendly, intelligent, eager to please, and easy to train. Also, they're relatively affordable to purchase as puppies. Finding Miniature Boxer Puppies for Sale When looking for a breeder of miniature Boxers, make sure you do your due diligence. Before you decide to do business, take the time to investigate the breeder fully to make sure you'll receive exactly what you're paying for. There are many unscrupulous breeders producing designer dogs, and you want to make sure the breeder can provide a health guarantee. The breeder should demonstrate that they are breeding to create dogs with excellent health and temperament. Because these dogs are not recognized by the top registry organizations and are not bred in large numbers, you may have to search for them online as well as locally through sites such as Craigslist to see if you can locate a breeder. Cost of a Miniature Boxer Puppy Because these dogs are not popular yet, they can be relatively expensive. Dog Clubs The miniature Boxer is not a recognized breed, but it may become one as some point in the future. If you'd like to register your pet with a dog club, both the American Canine Hybrid Club and the Certified Pet Registry take registrations for various crosses that produce this type of dog. Spend Time With These Dogs Before you bring one of these pups home, spend some time at several breeders' kennels so you can get to know the dogs in person. This is the surest way to find out if a Miniature Boxer will fit your lifestyle, as well as which particular cross you prefer. Getting a puppy is a commitment for the life of the dog, so be sure about your choice. Ksl dogs for sale 12 K - 80 K , Poodle Rs. From a litter of 8. Puppies arrived June 9, .Puppies for sale 0. We have three females and four males. The most popular species are available in India, Labrador Retriever Rs. Why new and used cars for sale at KSL Cars. We own both parents. Rainfall and a threat of more landslides caused Find Dog Kennels for sale near you or sell to local buyers. If a pet is in a foster home, you can set up an appointment to meet them at our Adoption Center. If you are looking for a puppy, get on our waiting list. He is the most loveable guy you will ever meet. Tags: labradoodles labradoodle doodle lab poodle hypoallergenic low shed no shed puppies puppy Utah Salt Lake City Australian multigenerational multi gen. Puppies for sale under .According to Utah Humane, last month more than dogs and cats were adopted from shelters around the area; however, 12 dogs and 15 cats were euthanized in shelters during the month of July. There are ads all over the internet of dogs for sale and newborn puppies for sale, however, pet parents often overlook adopting a four-legged family member from an animal shelter or rescue group when exploring how to search for dogs and puppies for sale. Salt Lake City, UT. They are our working dogs as well as 0. Find dogs and puppies For Sale ksl. When you need to find a couch or a washing machine on the cheap, you know just where to look — KSL Classifieds. From the base of a hill, it took about 90 minutes to reach Irshalwadi village by foot. Dogs and Puppies for Sale. Exclude Sold Dogs. Ready for your home in August. As with any classifieds service you should make every effort to verify the legitimacy of. Every puppy buyer should start here! Filter Dog Ads Search. Adopt, Buy, Sell Pets Online. Find the right vehicle and get exploring! Location Breed Color. See our Puppy Reservation Form. Chwo Chwo male available Age 35 days available for sale. Ludhiana, Punjab. He loves to take naps, and walk around. Don't waste time and money and go straight to the real deal. New Day Labradors! Parents 5. Puppies for sale under 0. For puppies and adult dogs. This is our only Adoption Center location. Free Puppies. Create a listing. Julia Woodcock. Don't miss out on these incredible deals! Sniffer dogs were also deployed in the search for survivors. Waldorf, MD .View photos, save listings, contact sellers directly, and more for new and used cars, trucks, and SUV's for sale. Having one of the most lovable faces, the Boxer wears many hats. Dogs for Sale in Utah. Dogs for sale under .I have a soft personality and love all living things. Few dogs can pull off acting like a clown and looking intimidating at the same Welcome to. De-wormed and ready to go. Georgia Boxer Puppies, Dawsonville, Georgia. Puppies for Sale Hawk Valley Boxers. Puppies for Sale. Registration: AKC. Heidi Champ lin - Boxer Puppy.Boxer Puppies for Sale near me. Find Boxer Puppies and Breeders in your area and helpful Boxer information. Check our cute Boxer puppies for sale. Our European Boxer puppies are priced competitively for the quality and effort that go into raising them, especially when you consider we offer a five year.Based on the limited number of suitable German Boxers which meet our high standards, we offer only 3 or 4 fully trained adult Boxer dogs for sale each year. Visit Forever Love Puppies today to adopt beautiful Boxer puppies for sale! Our Boxer puppies come from top Boxer dog breeders. Boxer Puppies For Sale. Boxer puppies for sale! Euro Boxer Puppies Available Now. Cimarron Boxers. Our Boxers are not just dogs to us, they are our family members and an important part of our lives. A fully-grown Boxador will usually stand 20 to 25 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh 55 to 80 pounds. A Boxador generally lives 10 to 14 years. Doreen keeps our dogs' bellies full, and our hearts full! We so appreciate Doreen's dedication to each dog. Thank you, Doreen, for caring so much about dogs.AABR Boxers. Adopt A Boxer Rescue is an all-volunteer c 3 charitable organization formed to rescue, rehabilitate, and re-home unwanted and abandoned boxer dogs. Boxer Puppies for Sale - Adoptapet. The easiest way to adopt a Boxer would be through a rescue that specializes in Boxers. A great place to start would be by starting a breed search on Adopt a Pet.Boxer puppy for sale .Discover videos related to Boxer puppy for sale on TikTok. Boxer puppies. Learn More about Boxer Puppies for Sale. Boxers are medium to large dog from Germany. They are described as bright, fun-loving, and active. On average, Boxers range from 21 to 25 inches tall and weigh anywhere from 50 to 80 pounds. They have a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years. Boxer, puppies, adult dogs, canine rescues,Tucson, AZ. We have C. Continental Kennel Club and A. We have both available for stud.Boxer Dogs Photos Page 5 of 23 for Sale. Choose your favorite boxer dogs photographs from available designs. All boxer dogs photographs ship within 48 hours and include a day money-back.Boxer Puppies for Sale in Sri Lanka. Sell or buy boxer puppies at best price online. Boxer Puppies for Sale. Looking for Boxer puppies? Lancaster Puppies has Boxers for sale! They're the best dogs for kids. Gray Boxer Puppies For Sale - ministerpraise. Another place to find Gray Boxer Puppies for Sale is through breed-specific rescue organizations. These organizations focus on rescuing and.Boxer dogs were originally bred to be medium-size guard dogs. While they may be considered "Working Dogs" by the AKC, they often find homes as loving companions and family pets. It was a pregnant boxer , looked like it had reached aboz time for.Just scooping up pets for sale and throwing them int cages behind pickup trucks. How Much to Sell my Boxer Puppies for? Usual Boxer Price. May 18, - Boxer The clown princes of the dog world, Boxers can be very funny with their silly antics. Make no mistake about it, behind that clownish.How Much Are Boxer Puppies. Beautiful Disaster - Google Books Result. A lady who lived around the corner from me had boxer puppies for sale, and I bought one of the faun-colored male puppies and named him Rocky. Lovely Boxer puppies for sale. Contact for yours. These puppies are family raised and well socialized with children and other pets. They come with vet certification, registration papers, a certified pedigree and a puppy start… more. Over 4 weeks ago on Advertigo. Adopt A Boxer. June 25, .Gouda Buy a Dog Name June 15, .Boxer puppies for sale. Boxers are energetic dogs and are often described as exuberant, extroverted and at the same time the clowns of the dog world. Boxer Puppies Call or text for more info .We are a nonprofit organization recognized as a c 3 charitable dog rescue group that serves the state of New Mexico. As we care for displaced Boxer pups, we.Finding trustworthy dog breeders, groomers, and trainers can be challenging. AKC Marketplace is your trusted resource to help make a lifetime of responsible dog ownership safe, happy, and healthy. Mastiff-Boxer puppies , 1 fema. Mastiff-Boxer puppies , 1 female, 7 males. Boxer puppies for sale in florida craigslist. This gorgeous boy is ready to make you his new best friend. Information on Boxer Puppies for Sale in Nevada. Bright and alert, sometimes silly, but always courageous, the Boxer has been among America's most popular dog breeds for a very long time. Show Me Boxers. Boxer Puppies for sale. Otherwise known as: German Boxer Deutscher Boxer.Bright and alert, sometimes silly, but always courageous, the Boxer has.Boxers were bred to be noble, intelligent and protective dogs. Boxers definitely live.Boxer puppies for sale in Florida from trusted breeders Good Dog. Find Boxer puppies for sale Near Florida Despite their light and fun-loving nature, the Boxer is a hardworking, versatile, and vigilant breed that is incredibly loyal to their family. Find Boxer puppies for sale. Near Florida.Despite their light and fun-loving nature, the Boxer is a hardworking, versatile, and vigilant breed that is.Boxer Puppies for Sale Lancaster Puppies. Boxer Dog Breed Information. Boxer dogs for sale in Ireland. Boxer puppies, IKC registered. Mother can be seen. Stud dog is a show dog and has 5 green stars and 4 reserves. Pups have a super temperament.Litters at Skyview are always planned in advance to what it is that I need to continue a strong healthy.Boxer Dog Breed Info. Learn more about the Boxer breed and find out if this dog is the right fit for your home at Petfinder! Box Cabool, Find boxer puppies For Sale ksl. AKC boxer puppies! Browse thru our ID Verified puppy for sale listings to find your perfect puppy in your area. Showing: 1 - 10 of .We are professional breeders. We have over 23 years of experience in running a highly successful breeding program. Most of all we love our dogs! We have placed our fur babies with families. My man patrolled the property with his two boxer dogs and kept the riff.Boxer puppies for sale in Massachusetts from trusted breeders - Good Dog. Despite their light and fun-loving nature, the Boxer is a hardworking, versatile, and vigilant breed that is incredibly loyal to their family. Learn more. The Barking Boutique has Boxer puppies for sale! Interested in finding out more about the Boxer? Check out our breed information page! We have male puppies available that will be ready for their new homes ASAP. Raised inside of our home with plenty of handling and snuggling. Boxer Puppies Pittsburgh, PA. Petland Robinson has Boxer puppies for sale! Boxer Puppies for sale in North Carolina. Find your Boxer puppy for sale Puppies. We've connected loving homes to reputable breeders since and we want to help you find the puppy your whole family will love. Boxer Puppies. Hemet, CA. Boy 2. Beaverton, OR. All pets available for adoption are up to date on shots and spayed or.AKC proudly supports dedicated and responsible breeders. Westchester Puppies: Boxer. Boxers are an all-time favorite breed for anyone who has ever had the privilege of spending time with one. From their clownish facial features to their sweet and charismatic personality, … Brown Boxer Puppy - Lionstores. Most Popular Boxer Puppy for Sale Names for We've compiled the top 20 male and female Boxer names for after analyzing Boxer puppies for sale.Available Boxers. Our Boxer puppies for sale are hand-picked from respected breeders for a seamless adoption process. We are a family owned operation that breeds champion bloodline AKC Boxer puppies. Our objective is to produce the highest quality puppies, for family pets.Puppies expected June .Regulate the Transportation, Sale, and Handling of Dogs and.Collins pointed out one dog which resembles a boxer and said that it is a Tosa , which is.The male Boxer puppies grow up to 25 inches in height and weigh between 64 to 80 pounds. On the other hand, female Boxer puppies for sale near me grow 21 to 25 inches tall and weigh about 50 to 65 pounds. The Boxer dog breed is renowned for its regal appearance and distinctly square-shaped head. Welcome to Boxerlane! We're so glad you're here! Please feel free to explore our website and find out more about our Boxer family. We have been breeding.Find Yorkshire Terrier Puppies and Breeders in your area and helpful.We do our best to raise Happy, Healthy and Beautiful Boxer puppies that are.Miniature Boxer. The mini boxer puppies for sale is one of the top 10 most popular dog breeds in the US. One of the first breed standards to be.Make sure to do research on th.Breed: Boxer. Bred to preserve, protect, and better the breed for both show and family homes. NorCal Boxer Rescue: Home. We have a new litter of Black Boxer Puppies for Sale. We have six boxer puppies available right now! Boxer - Puppies for Sale Near Me. The price is open to negotiation. There are 3 female puppies and 1 male puppies. They are currently one month old and will be ready for their new homes on June 29th. The puppies have been dewormed and received their first shots. If you have any further inquiries or require additional.Hearings - Page - Google Books Result. Boxer Breeds A to Z. Looking for a Boxer? Explore our list of puppies and rescue dogs for sale near you. Find a Puppy. More information. My boxer puppies available. Animals Sale Categories Cats for sale; Dogs for sale;.French bulldog puppy for sale. Games with the dog. Cool Boxer Pups for Sale.If you're looking for a dog that's fun to be with and not that big in size, then you should consider buying a Boxer puppy from CT.Boxers are awesome family dogs. Owning a Boxer puppy is a lot of fun. Boxer pups are.Providing healthy, top quality boxer puppies for families who demand the very best, Chicago illinois and north suburbs. Big Mac Boxers — For work, play, or show! Date listed: … Akc Boxer - Alexey Fotografie. Check out our boxer puppies selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Contact us today to learn more about the availability. Brown Boxer Puppy - Lionstores. Types of Boxer Dogs. Read on to learn about different types of boxers dogs and their color. German Boxer. The German boxer was originally bred as a guard dog. Minnesota Boxer Rescue - RescueGroups. The main goal of Minnesota Boxer Rescue is to rescue, rehabilitate, and re-home boxer dogs in need and give them a second chance. We place dogs in loving, Boxers are known for their distinctive appearance and playful personality. These medium-sized dogs have a muscular and athletic build, with a.Doberman Puppies for Sale - PetClassifieds. Doberman Puppies for Sale near me. Dog Walking. Learn how to plan ahead for vet costs by comparing insurance plans. Find Puppies and Breeders in your area and helpful information. All puppies found here are from AKC-Registered parents. Boxer Puppies Call or text for more info .Puppies For Sale in Nacogdoches 47 Petzlover. Boxerman Puppies. Born July 5, .Looking for happy homes. Located in Nacogdoches, TX.Looking for Boxer puppies? Lancaster Puppies has Boxers for sale! They're the best dogs for kids. Browse Boxer puppies for sale from 5 Star Breeders. Boxers are popular dogs that were bred to be protective guard dogs. They have an interesting jaw and shape.Boxer Puppies for Sale. A Boxer puppy is a strong, medium-sized muscular dog with a square head, dark, soulful eyes, a wrinkly face, and a short nose. With a deep, broad chest and an.AKC boxer breeder, high quality healthy puppies. Good family companions and agility dogs. The boxerman puppies for sale locations can help with all your needs. Contact a location near you for products or services. How to find boxerman puppies for sale near me Open Google Maps on your computer or APP, just type an address or name of a place. All children need to be respectful of all dogs. However, your Boxer is highly affectionate and loyal, playful and happy. They are exuberant and energetic, known.American Boxer Puppies. Boxer Puppies For Sale Mi - headachenorth. Boxers are medium-sized working dogs that can reach a weight of 70 pounds. Male Boxers usually stand at inches at the shoulder while female boxers can.Offering superior bloodline, well socialized, AKC Boxer puppies. Find Boxers For Sale ksl. Find Boxers for sale near you or sell to local buyers. Purebred Boxer puppies. We are a small home based breeder of Family.Are These Dogs Good for Families? I have some beautiful ckc boxer puppies, for sale first picture is a female second picture is a male first shot and wormed ready for their new home parents.We pair Doberman Pinscher breeders with people like you! Get yours now! Miniature Boxer. The mini boxer puppies for sale is one of the top 10 most popular dog breeds in the US. One of the first breed standards to be.Boxer puppies for sale! Saurabh Dog kennel. Discover all there is to know about the Boxerman. Boxer puppies for sale. Boxers are energetic dogs and are often described as exuberant, extroverted and at the same time the clowns of the dog world. They love to be entertained.Puppies for Sale Buckeye Puppies. Registration: AKC. Litters at Skyview are always planned in advance to what it is that I need to continue a strong healthy.Find Boxer Puppies and Breeders in your area and helpful Boxer information. Our Boxers are not just dogs to us, they are our family members and an important part of our lives. Euro Boxer Puppies Available Now. Cimarron Boxers. Access a community of more than 11, shelter and.They're calm, even-tempered, loving, athletic, affectionate, and healthier than many other dogs. Unfortunately, puppy mills and backyard.Boxers are best known to be family dogs as they are great with kids and prefer to be in the company of others. They are high-energy, intelligent, and friendly. We do our best to raise Happy, Healthy and Beautiful Boxer puppies that are.Hey First Timer! Hi Again! Directions .Call Directions Puppies Requests Share. Select A Puppy.Choosing a breed, finding a breeder, and selecting a puppy. Now taking deposits!! Trusted Puppies is the best place to find Boxer Pups for sale in and around the.Boxers are available in the price range starting from INR to 50, You can.We sell AKC boxer puppies. One year health guarantee. Akc Boxer - Alexey Fotografie. Boxer information including personality, history, grooming, pictures, videos, and the AKC breed standard. Boxer Puppies for Sale, Australia. Deal direct with a registered breeder. Boxers are typically medium sized dogs with a short back and tail. Some are also larger built. They are built with a solid body that usually stands at attention.Carolina Boxer Rescue. He loves children and other dogs as long as they are calm. Boxerman Breeders. Unfortunately we do not have any breeders listed at this time, but we are working on developing a list of breeders for this page. In the mean time, feel free to learn about some similar dog breeds which are showcased below. If you are a breeder and would like to be listed on this page, please get in touch with us using.Boxers are awesome family dogs. Owning a Boxer puppy is a lot of fun. Boxer pups are.Puppies for Sale. Boxer Puppies for Sale Lancaster Puppies. Our European Boxer puppies are priced competitively for the quality and effort that go into raising them, especially when you consider we offer a five year.You should expect to pay a premium for a Boxer puppy with breeding rights or even Boxers for sale advertised as show quality with papers. Boxerman Puppies For Sale Woof! The puppies will be here soon! Favorite this page and check back, or sign up for an email notification below! Join our email list to … Boxer Puppies for sale. Boxer Puppies for Sale near me. Local Ads by Owners and Breeders. Boxer Puppies for Sale - Adoptapet. You can adopt a Boxer at a much lower cost than buying one from a breeder. Boxer dogs for sale in Ireland. The Boxer breed of dogs is a popular breed that is known for its loyalty and protective nature. Boxers are also known for being intelligent and playful, Boxer puppy for sale .Discover videos related to Boxer puppy for sale on TikTok. Boxer puppies. East Texas location. May boxerpuppies.Available Boxers. If you ever decide to adopt a dog from a breeder, be sure to check out mom and dad. Make sure that they are well socialized dogs and not just money-making.Dog Breeder Boxer Puppies. Where you find your puppy matters, as choosing the right breeder is a crucial step when finding your future dog. At AKC Marketplace, we connect you with only AKC-registerable puppies from responsible, passionate breeders, as well as supply you with the tools you need to bring home the perfect puppy for you! Great job with AKC Marketplace! The Boxerman Makes an Excellent Police Dog Thanks to its heritage from two willful, alert dogs that were bred for loyalty and guarding, Boxerman dogs are now trained to join K9 police units around the United States. Local Ads by Owners and Breeders Riverhillboxers. Daily Graphic: Issue December 23 .Her love and affection will melt your heart. She loves her 2. Breeding in progress! All puppies are born in my house and are cared for like babies from day 1. Learn more about the Boxer in our breed description page! See our Boxer puppies available for sale in Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona. There's a special relationship between dogs and humans.Brown Boxer Puppy - Lionstores. Boxers for Sale in Portland. Sep 29, - We have beautiful Boxer puppies for sale. Find your Boxer puppy for sale Puppies. Box Cabool, Boxer puppies for sale Pets4Homes. We have 7 gorgeous KC registered boxer puppies with a 5 generation pedigree certificate, 4 boys and 3 girls 2 boys sold , all red and white. Boxer Puppies - Myerstown Classifieds - Claz. West Coast Boxer Rescue rescues and adopts out stray, abandoned, neglected, abused and surrendered Boxers, primarily pure bred, but sometimes Boxer mixes and.Boxer Puppies. If you have a liking for a fearless, energetic yet devoted pet then the boxer breed of dogs should form your list of preferred choices. As the 9th most

The U. In late , Guide Dogs' three-year-old German shepherd Unity gave birth to 16 healthy puppies. As a first-time mom, Unity delivered a litter over twice the size of the average for German Shepherds, which is eight, according to the American Kennel Club. The 16 puppies are also the largest litter born through the Guide Dogs' breeding program in its year history. The pandemic has had a detrimental impact on our charity's breeding program and how many litters we can have, so these puppies are even more treasured," Matthew Bottomley, Guide Dogs' head of breeding operations, said in a statement. Trigger is a 6-year-old golden retriever and Guide Dogs' most prolific stud, having sired close to puppies. The nonprofit hopes that Unity and Trigger's puppies will have the loyalty and drive of a German shepherd mixed with the friendliness and confidence of a golden retriever. The puppy raisers will care for the dogs for about a year, helping the little animals socialize, tackle new environments , and learn basic commands. Once the puppies are older, they will receive the specialized training needed to become service animals for the visually impaired. To learn more about Guides Dogs' work and how to support the charity's efforts, visit the nonprofit's website. Related Articles. Share this article Share The charity said it hoped these crossbreed puppies will have the loyalty and drive of the German Shepherd, as well as the friendliness and confidence of the Golden Retriever. While it was Trigger's 28th litter, it was the first for the puppies' mother, a three-year-old German Shepherd called Unity. Guide Dogs said it runs the 'biggest, most ethical breeding programme of working dogs in the world'. The puppies cosy up to their mother, a three-year-old German Shephered called Unity This was the first litter Unity has had, although it is the 28th litter of their father, which is Guide Dogs UK's most prolific stud The sight loss charity tests the health of its breeding dogs, which live with volunteers to give the puppies the best start in a home environment. All puppies to go the Guide Dogs National Centre near Leamington Spa for one week before being individually placed with volunteer puppy raisers across the UK. The charity helps millions with sight loss in Britain, such as Nathan Foy, 41, from Cardiff. Pictured: Nathan Foy, 41, with his dog Mason. Mr Foy suffers from sight loss because of congenital glaucoma Mr Foy said Guide Dogs UK 'saved' his life and said his dog Mason reassures him if he has hallucinations becuase of his condition He also has Charles Bonnet syndrome, which causes him to have intense visual hallucinations, usually related to things he touches or hears. The hallucinations can be simple patterns but in many cases are complex images including events, people, places or animals. Mr Foy said his guide dog Mason kept him safe and able to realise his visions were not real. He said: 'Living with Charles Bonnet has been really difficult. The current Guinness World Record for the largest litter is 24 puppies, who were born in Cambridgeshire in .The sight-loss charity runs the biggest breeding programme of working dogs in the world. All puppies will spend a week at the Guide Dogs National Centre near Leamington Spa before being individually placed with volunteer puppy raisers around the UK. Register for free to continue reading Sign up for exclusive newsletters, comment on stories, enter competitions and attend events. LOG IN Email Please enter a valid emailPlease enter a valid email First name Please enter a valid emailPlease Last name You must be at least 18 years old to create an account Enter your password Must be at least 6 characters, include an upper and lower case character and a number I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from Evening Standard. Read our Privacy notice. Opt-out policy You can opt-out at any time by signing in to your account to manage your preferences. Each email has a link to unsubscribe. Email This account already exists. Enter your password to log in. Please enter a valid email Password.

If they are not trained well, Boxers can get fairly unruly, erratic, and borderline dangerous. It is, therefore, important to get your Boxer puppy trained thoroughly once you bring it home. Poor Insulation Against Cold Although this would not be an issue in a city like Bangalore, it is important to note that the short coats of Boxers make them sensitive to cold. Think twice before taking them to a colder environment or exposing them to very low temperatures. Reach out to us and we will help you to find your furry little friend. Give us a call on Sensitive Stomachs Before bringing a Boxer puppy home, it is important to know that the breed has sensitive stomachs. As lovers of food, they would eat anything and everything that is offered to them. However, as a responsible pet owner, it is always important to monitor their diet and give them the right quantity and quality of food. Prone To Separation Anxiety Boxers need love and attention from their owners. If they are not provided with the same, they start feeling neglected and develop separation anxiety. Never make the mistake of leaving your Boxer puppy alone for a long time and give them as much attention as you can. Now that you are thorough with the benefits of bringing a Boxer puppy home and important considerations to keep in mind before getting them, you can check out our Boxer puppies for sale in Bangalore. Right from choosing the puppies to providing you with all relevant information, we would do our best to assist you in bringing the adorable pets home. We are sure that you have enough information about boxer dogs and their abilities. Based on the type of breed and variety you are looking for, you can find a range of different prices for Boxer puppies in Bangalore. However, always make sure that you reach out to a trusted and genuine pet store, seller, or breeder to make the right choice. Most genuine dog breeders in Bangalore would help you bring healthy Boxer puppies home at the best prices. All you need to do is provide them with your specific requirements and preferences. What is the average lifespan Boxer dog in Bangalore? The average lifespan of Boxer ranges from 10 to 12 years. If you are willing your Boxer puppy to lead a long and healthy live, make sure you tend to them like a parent would to their child. From the day you bring the puppy home, monitor their medical and dietary needs on a daily basis. Make sure you visit the vet regularly and make no delay when you feel something is wrong with your pet. Life Span Did You Know? The Boxer is one of the most popular dog breeds in the United States. It has been recognized by the AKC since .Although the Boxer dog breed originated in Germany, their ancient ancestry can be traced back to the Assyrian empire war dogs of BC. The modern Boxer breed we know and love today was originally developed in Germany in the late s. English-bred Bulldogs and the Bullenbesiier were crossed to create an energetic and agile hunting dog to chase wild game. The Boxer is a popular family companion and a versatile working dog. As a member of the Working Group, Boxers can be found competing in dog sports like agility, obedience, and herding. They also make great service and assistance dogs, as well as therapy dogs, and can be found working as search and rescue dogs, drug detection dogs, police dogs, and military dogs. The Boxer is a muscular and energetic dog that tends to have a happy, friendly disposition. They bond closely with their families and tend to get along well with children and other dogs. They can even do well with other pets despite their high prey drive if they are socialized and trained with them. As long as they are well-socialized, Boxers are generally upbeat, playful, and friendly. Although they have a natural instinct to protect their family from unwanted visitors, they do tend to warm up once introduced and are happy to make a new friend. They can be prone to barking a lot if you do not work on socialization and training your dog to stop barking early on. Boxers can be highly adaptable dogs. Although they have a lot of energy and are better suited to homes with yards where they can run, they can adapt to apartment living as long as they get the daily exercise, attention, and mental stimulation they need. As with any non-arctic dog breed, they are sensitive to very cold temperatures. Boxers are also a brachycephalic breed, which means they are even more sensitive to heat than other dogs. A Boxer is also one of the most affectionate dog breeds. Because they bond so closely with their families and get bored easily, they should not be left alone for long periods of time. Potential health conditions to be aware of in a Boxer include hip dysplasia, degenerative myelopathy, thyroid issues , and heart conditions like aortic stenosis and cardiomyopathy. Good breeding practices make a big difference and reputable breeders will screen their dogs to avoid passing preventable issues to puppies. So, make sure you are asking the breeder about the health and genetic history of the parents and about any health tests that have been done. Boxers are intelligent dogs that are eager to please their owners. Despite their energetic personality, they are one of the best dog breeds for first-time owners and are highly trainable dogs. They tend to excel at almost any task put before them! Because of their open, friendly nature and high energy, they have a tendency to jump up at people in excitement and playfulness. Since they grow into powerful dogs, you will want to make sure you train your dog not to jump up. Boxers have smooth and short coats that will shed a little year-round and require minimal grooming. A brush-down once or twice a week and the occasional bath as needed will keep their short coat healthy and looking great. Nail trims once or twice a month are usually enough to keep nails from growing too long. Checking ears weekly and carefully cleaning as needed can help prevent ear infections. Checking and wiping their facial wrinkles weekly or a few times a week if your dog is prone to getting into things can help keep their wrinkles clean and free of irritation. Dental diseases, like gum disease, are the most common health issues in older dogs because dental care is often overlooked; and, it can lead to other serious health issues. Brushing daily, plus cleanings at the vet when needed, is ideal. The Boxer is a high-energy dog breed that needs plenty of daily exercise to stay happy and healthy. Due to their high prey drive and urge to chase, they should only be let off-leash in secure areas. Boxers tend to get bored with repetition, are excellent problem solvers, and are naturally exuberant. A fully-grown Boxer usually stands inches tall at the shoulder and weighs pounds. Boxers generally live years on average. In Germany, the Boxer was one of the first dog breeds chosen for police training. Featured Boxer Article.

Close share Copy link Dog paralysis occurs as a result of a disruption in communication between the spinal cord and the brain. Sometimes, paralysis in dogs causes total immobility, while other times the dog paralysis may only be partial. This article was inspired by our reader comments. Just to let you know that we pay attention to every comment you leave at the end, or your responses via email - we love it when you engage with us. That said, I will now set out below one Real-Life incident that may help to set the scene for the rest of this piece. Allison: "I woke up at am and my french bulldog was suddenly paralyzed in the hind legs. I had noticed that for about 3 months she would sometimes slip when running. Until this morning she was active and normal. She is not drinking but will take treats. She urinated and defecated at this morning but has not since. Is it okay for me to wait until tomorrow morning to take her to our regular vet? It will cost 3 times the price to take her to the Vet emergency clinic. If I decide to wait until morning and she does not urinate should I try to express the bladder myself? Justin: "Thanks for the question. Allow me to ask you a few questions so I can better assist you. Is she able to move her back legs at all? Pinch her toes really hard to elicit pain. Does she pull the leg back? Does she turn her head, growl, whine, like it hurts? Allison: "She could feel me pinching she drew back her leg slightly.Justin: "Thanks for the information. It's good that she still has pain perception in her back legs. She most likely has a disc that has prolapsed and is placing pressure on her spinal cord. I would recommend you take her to the emergency vet right away. They can take an x-ray to confirm the diagnosis and start her on appropriate meds. If she does have a prolapsed disc, they will place her on anti-inflammatories, pain meds, and muscle relaxers. If you elect not to take her in, keep her as quiet as possible. Keep her in a cage to limit her mobility. Pinch her toes once every 12 hours. If you are experienced in expressing bladders, you can do this every 8 hours to give her relief. Otherwise, I wouldn't attempt it without proper instruction. I hope this helps. I work from home and can give any care needed. What kind of costs and care may I be facing? Justin: "If there hasn't been any permanent damage to her spinal cord, once the swelling decreases she should start walking again. However, she may always have some neurologic deficit to her hind legs. To what extent is impossible to predict. However, if there is permanent damage she may never be able to walk again. This occurs commonly in some breeds, i. Dachshunds, and carts have been developed to prop up the hind legs, allowing affected animals to get around. These dogs generally need to have their bladders expressed daily, so they do require constant nursing care. However, I am always amazed at how happy these dogs seem, motoring around in their little carts. As far as the cost of surgery, it all depends on what part of the country you live in. Generally, you're looking at between - dollars. So, if you have never had such, you need to keep yourself abreast of some critical information regarding French Bulldog paralysis. Dog paralysis is a scary thing, there are however a lot of things you can still do to cater for your Frenchie should things go south. Read on to also learn a handful of preventive measures to keep your Frenchie save. Tetraplegia causes a complete inability to move any of his four legs. Paraplegia: This type of paralysis causes the dog the inability to move his hind legs. Paresis: Is a type of dog paralysis that causes restricted movement in dogs. Paresis still allows the ability to move but great difficulty. The uneasy movement usually causes them great pain. One of the worst mistakes a French Bulldog owner would make is ignoring signs of dog paralysis earlier in their development until it becomes an emergency. Sometimes, it may be due to the fact that the Frenchie Mom or Dad actually does not know the signs or symptoms of paralysis in dogs. So, let's look at a few things you can look out for to ascertain whether your Frenchie pet might have an impending case of Paralysis. Signs of French Bulldog Paralysis: Refusing to stand up or move his legs Dragging his hind legs while walking with the front legs Difficulty moving around Experiencing unusual pain in the neck, spine or legs Inability to control urination or bowel movements Constipation It goes without saying that some of these symptoms are things you may never know about if you didn't engage in periodic check-up on your Frenchie. For instance, when you are playing with your French Bulldog, chances are you may easily identify a pain point. That said, we believe that prevention is better than cure. Hence, if you knew what causes Paralysis in French Bulldogs, you may stand a better chance of ensuring that it didn't happen to your Frenchie in the first place. Let's look at some medical and environmental causes of French Bulldog Paralysis. Tick Bites: This might be a shocker to you; like, how could Tick bites paralyze a dog? Unfortunately, research shows that Tick Bites are one of the most common and indeed the leading cause of Paralysis in dogs. One of the harmful substances that Ticks inject in Dogs through bites is called Neurotoxins. Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insults that can adversely affect functions in both developing and mature nervous tissues. When ticks bite your Frenchie, they inject this harmful chemical into the bloodstream of the dog causing neuron paralysis, which affects communications between the brain and the nervous system of the dog. Neuron paralysis is responsible for most sudden paralysis in dogs, and when left unattended to the paralysis may spread and become fatal. So, you have to make it a point of duty to keep your dog safe from ticks. Look out for signs that show your dog is being bitten by a tick. Such signs as loss of coordination and vomiting. If you noticed a sudden change in their tone and quality of bark, this is a good sign that your Frenchie has been bitten by a tick. It may interest you to read this article where we addressed wholesomely, the issue of French Bulldogs and Ticks , to get a better insight because symptoms of Tick Bites don't usually manifest immediately, in most cases it may take up to 6 - 9 months after the bite to start dealing with your dog. Stay safe! Congenital Diseases: The second cause of French Bulldog paralysis on our list is Congenital diseases. Congenital diseases are dog health problems such as: Intervertebral Disc Disease, a. IVDD Degenerative Myelopathy, and Fibrocartilaginous Embolism Intervertebral Disc Disease occurs when the cushioning of intervertebral discs between the vertebrae of the spinal column become ruptured or burst into the spinal cord space. When IVDD occurs, the discs press on the nerves that run through the spinal cord, making it difficult for the dog to walk properly. In the same vein, Degenerative Myelopathy, a. DM also attacks the nerves of your dog. The difference is that DM is common among older dogs and it is something that is rather developed progressively, over time rather than suddenly. It may lead to paralysis especially of the hind legs. Lastly, among the congenital diseases that cause paralysis in dogs; when a small portion of a spinal disc breaks off of your dog's spinal column and blocks blood flow to a portion of his body, this gives rise to the type of paralysis called Fibrocartilaginous Embolism. Fibrocartilaginous Embolism is usually not as serious as the rest. It's always a painless and temporary paralysis that corrects itself within a couple of weeks to its occurrence. Bacterial Infections: There are multiple kinds of bacterial infections. Most common among bacterial infections capable of causing French Bulldog paralysis when they spread to the brain are Meningitis, Distemper, Rabies, among others. Malignant Tumors: If a Tumor develops in your dog's spine, it can lead to paralysis. These Tumors are generally malignant and can have a life-threatening impact. Just like Tick Bites , Malignant Tumors are even slower and progressive in development, resulting in more gradual symptoms rather than sudden paralysis. So, if you take care to monitor these causes and prevent them early enough, your Frenchie Bulldog may never be paralyzed. However, if your French Bulldog is paralyzed, there are a number of Treatment Options you can adopt. Consult a veterinarian to look into the cause of the condition. Depending on the diagnosed cause of the dog's paralysis, usually there are about 5 typical treatment options, they include: Medication. They are adorable, loving, and loyal to their owners. However, just like any other animal, this breed of dog also has its weaknesses. They are known to have several genetic health problems. Some illnesses may develop somewhere along the way too. And so, if you already have a Frenchie, or if you are planning on taking one home soon, you must familiarize yourself with the health issues that your pet may suffer from so you know how to take care of it. One thing that you should know about Frenchies is that they are most likely to have problems with their rear legs as a result of hemivertebrae, which we are going to discuss in this article. What is the average life expectancy of my French bulldog? What problems can French bulldogs have with their back legs? French bulldogs have been bred in such a way that they have short rear legs. While this appearance may seem to look cute for some people, this could actually cause some serious problems. Like what we have said above, Frenchies may have hemivertebrae , which is a congenital condition. This means that they already have it since birth because of the way they have been bred. Simply put, this condition refers to the spine being deformed or has been formed abnormally. One of the issues that this particular condition could cause is weakness of the hind limbs. With this, your dog may have difficulty in getting up, walking, and running. And if it gets worse, your pet may even get paralyzed, which could also lead to death. If you notice that your pooch spends most of its time lying down, or if you see that it can barely walk, then most likely, it has issues with its rear legs. If it yelps if you try to pick it up, you would know that there is definitely something wrong with it. You then need to take it to a veterinarian in order to figure out what exactly is wrong with your Frenchie. Diagnosis can be done with the help of x-ray or a more sophisticated imaging system. There are other symptoms of having hemivertebrae. Aside from weak back legs, a dog may also suffer from severe pain as well as urinary and fecal incontinence. These signs may show as early as puppyhood, and they could get worse as your dog gets old. French Bulldog labor and delivery In what ways can you help? The care and treatment for hemivertebrae depends on the severity. If it is just a mild case, you can give anti-inflammatory drugs to your Frenchie to help ease the pain. Doing so will significantly help treat the condition. With this, you would need a prescription from a vet. You also need to make sure that your dog gets a lot of rest. And, of course, you should feed it with healthy foods to keep it strong. A surgical procedure might be needed to help address the health problem. This will be performed by a certified veterinary neurologist or surgeon. Do not force your poochie to do jumping exercises or any rough games, especially if it still a few months old. With that said, make sure that you find time to walk your Frenchie once in a while. This is because these fatty acids help in preventing inflammation as well as degeneration. You can serve this food group up to twice or thrice a week. Make sure that you always support its spine including its legs. Teach other members of your household to do the same too. Is hemivertebrae surgery an option? How much will it cost? Hemivertebrae surgery, also known as hemilaminectomy, is the best option to treat the condition if it is already at a severe stage. With this procedure, the part of the intervertebral disc that is pressing on the spine will be removed. This would then help relieve the pain. However, you need to take note that not all dogs that have undergone this particular procedure have recovered. Some of them have been put to sleep rather than suffering from the said condition for the rest of their lives. Since it is a very delicate procedure, it could get really expensive. The imaging alone may cost you up to USD. You can expect an additional of, at least, USD for the surgery itself. This amount would only cover one area. If the decompression involves several parts of the spinal cord, then the cost of the procedure will certainly be a lot higher. Yes, treating hemivertebrae through surgery is pricey. But if your pet is insured , it would help a lot. Such a procedure can be covered. Closing Thoughts Having a French bulldog that has deformed vertebrae or damaged spinal cord could be really hard. It would require patience from you as the owner since taking care of your pup with this condition would require more attention. You also have to prepare yourself financially because the treatment may cost a fortune depending on how severe it is. The bottom line is, the earlier you have your Frenchie checked by a vet, the better it would be. So if you notice any symptoms, it is highly recommended that you take your pet to a vet immediately. Never disregard the signs because they could adversely affect the quality of life of your pet. Then you know that one of the common issues these lovely pooches face is hind leg problems. Whether your pup is having difficulty getting up, experiencing joint pain, or having mobility issues, you may be wondering what steps you can take to help. Read on to learn more and get your Frenchie back on their feet in no time! Overview of French Bulldogs French Bulldogs are an incredibly popular breed of dog, known for their friendly and entertaining personalities. They are a medium-sized breed with a unique, wrinkled face and a short, sturdy stature. Frenchies are also notorious for having issues with their hind legs that can cause discomfort or difficulty walking. They make a great companion and pet! There are steps that owners can take to reduce the likelihood of their Frenchie developing hind leg problems. A balanced diet, regular exercise and recognition of any genetic predisposition are all key in preventing these issues. If your pup does experience leg problems, it is important to get them checked out by a vet as soon as possible to ensure they receive the correct treatment. It is important for owners to be aware of the possible causes as well as potential treatments. While genetics can play a role, other factors such as diet and exercise can also have an effect. Being informed and proactive in treatment is key to helping your pup. Hind leg problems can be caused by a variety of factors, such as diet, exercise, genetics and more. Poor nutrition can lead to weak bones and muscles, making it difficult for your pup to stand or walk. It is also important to be aware of any genetic predisposition that may affect your pup, as some breeds are more prone to hind leg problems than others. Diagnosing the root cause of any hind leg problems is the first step to any successful treatment. Be sure to visit your vet so they can assess your pup and suggest the best course of action. Depending on the severity of the issue, treatment options may include physical therapy, medications, supplements or even surgery. Taking preventative measures such as properly feeding your pup and providing them with plenty of exercises can also help reduce the risk of hind leg issues. Causes of Hind Leg Problems French Bulldogs are susceptible to hind leg problems due to their small size and structure. Exercise, and genetics all play a role in the development of hind leg problems. As a Frenchie owner, it is important to understand the causes so that you can take the necessary steps to address any issues that arise. A poor diet can lead to an improper balance of nutrients, which can result in hind leg issues. When developing a diet plan for your Frenchie, it is important to ensure that they are getting the right balance of proteins, carbohydrates, and essential fatty acids. Make sure that your Frenchie is getting enough exercise, as lack of physical activity can contribute to the development of hind leg problems. Genetics can play a key role in the development of hind leg issues, as certain breeds are more prone to certain health problems. It is important to be aware of any signs of hind leg problems, such as limping, difficulty rising, or stiffness. If you notice any of these signs in your Frenchie, it is important to take them to the vet for a proper diagnosis. Your vet will then be able to recommend the best treatment plan for your Frenchie. While non-surgical options, such as physical therapy, can help in certain cases, surgery is often necessary to address more serious problems. Taking preventative measures, such as maintaining a healthy diet and providing plenty of exercise, can help to reduce the chances of hind leg problems developing in the future. Diet It is important to feed your French Bulldog a nutritious and balanced diet in order to avoid hind leg problems. Provide your pup with a diet that includes lean proteins, complex carbohydrates, and healthy fats. Avoid processed foods and fatty treats, as these can lead to weight gain and further issues with the hind legs. If you are unsure about what to feed your Frenchie, your vet can provide advice on what type of food would be best for your pup. Supplements are also important for French Bulldogs, as they can provide extra support for their hind legs. Anything from glucosamine to omega 3 fatty acids can help to keep your Frenchie strong and healthy. Make sure your pup is getting enough exercise and lots of playtime. Exercise can help to alleviate some of the strain on the hind legs and can even help to improve mobility. Exercise Exercise is an essential component of a healthy lifestyle for French Bulldogs. Without adequate physical activity, your pup may be more susceptible to hind leg problems. Regular exercise can help your Frenchie stay fit and flexible, reducing the likelihood of developing leg problems. Aim for daily walks or playtime, and consider activities that involve the hind legs, such as running or jumping. Start slow and gradually increase the intensity over time to avoid injury. In addition to daily exercise, make sure you keep your Frenchie at a healthy weight. Monitor their calorie intake and stick to a healthy diet with whole food ingredients. With proper exercise and the right diet, you can help your French Bulldog stay active and healthy for years to come. Genetics Genetics can play an important role in French Bulldog hind leg problems. Research any conditions that are common among the breed and that may be passed down through genetics. Some of these include hip and elbow dysplasia, joint laxity, and lip fold dermatitis, all of which can cause hind leg pain in Frenchies. Maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise is important for any breed, but especially for Frenchies. With a healthy lifestyle and proper care, your French Bulldog can avoid hind leg issues and have a happy, healthy life. The first step is to take your Frenchie to the vet for an exam. Depending on the symptoms, your vet may recommend diagnostic tests, such as X-rays or CT scans. These tests can help diagnose issues such as luxating patellas loose kneecaps or hip dysplasia. Physical therapy can help improve the range of motion in their hips and legs, as well as strengthen the muscles that support them. You can also look into using supportive devices such as doggles or pet ramps to help your pup move around easier. When it comes to exercise, make sure to keep it gentle and provide plenty of breaks. This will help your Frenchie get the exercise they need without overworking their joints. By following these tips, you can help ensure that your Frenchie stays healthy and happy. Visit the Vet Visiting the vet is the first step to diagnosing and treating any problems your French Bulldog may have with their hind legs. The vet can always provide tips on the best ways to keep your Frenchie fit and healthy, which can help prevent hind leg issues in the first place. See also How To Make Dog's Nails Less Sharp [5 Genius Ideas] What to Expect When you visit the vet, they will likely do a physical examination on your Frenchie to get an idea of their behavior, overall health, and any potential underlying issues. Your vet may also check their eyes, ears, and gums to identify any potential issues. They may also use a small amount of anesthesia to be sure that there is no discomfort or pain when they examine your pup. Your vet might also recommend additional tests, such as an X-ray or MRI, to help them determine the exact cause of the hind leg problem. Your vet may suggest a blood test to help identify any underlying medical issues that could be contributing to the hind leg problems. Diagnostic Tests If your French Bulldog is having hind leg issues, you should have them evaluated by a veterinarian. This will help diagnose the underlying cause of the problem and determine the best course of treatment. During the visit, your vet may use a combination of physical examination, X-rays, ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan to evaluate your pup. All of these tests help your veterinarian identify any underlying issues and rule out other possible causes. They may run tests to check for infection or injury. It is important to keep your Frenchie as comfortable as possible during the testing process. A specialized orthopedic surgeon may be consulted to discuss possible surgical interventions depending on the severity of the issue. The best way to prevent your Frenchie from experiencing hind leg issues is to ensure they are eating a healthy diet and getting enough exercise. Making sure they get regular check-ups with their veterinarian can help catch any issues early on and prevent further complications. Treating Hind Leg Problems When it comes to treating hind leg problems in French Bulldogs, the first step is to visit your trusted veterinarian. During the visit, your vet will examine your pup and may run tests to diagnose the problem. Depending on the diagnosis, your vet may suggest either non-surgical or surgical options for treatment. For non-surgical options, your vet may recommend changes in diet, exercise, and possibly physical therapy. They should get regular exercise and physical therapy to help with the flexibility and strength of their limbs. Make sure to feed your pup a well-balanced diet with lots of minerals and vitamins. By taking these steps, you can help keep your pup healthy and happy. Non-Surgical Options Non-surgical options are often the first course of action for treating hind leg problems in French Bulldogs. There are many joint supplements on the market that can help reduce inflammation, swelling, and pain. Hydrotherapy is another great, non-surgical solution for helping your pup strengthen their legs. This can include swimming or walking in shallow water, which provides a low-impact form of exercise that also helps reduce pain and inflammation. You should also make sure that your pup is getting the right amount of nutrition, as too much or too little can weaken their bones and muscles. A balanced diet with plenty of calcium can help keep their bones and muscles healthy. Surgical Options Surgical options for treating hind leg problems in French Bulldogs may be necessary in some cases. Depending on the severity and nature of the hind leg problem, your vet may recommend surgery. Surgical options can range from removing a tumor or cyst to correcting anatomical problems such as luxating patella and hip dysplasia. Discussing the risks and benefits of major surgery with your veterinarian is essential. French Bulldog owners should have an open dialogue with their veterinarian and be sure to ask plenty of questions. Prevention To prevent hind leg problems in your French Bulldog, it is important to pay attention to both diet and exercise. Make sure to only feed your pup high-quality food and consult with your veterinarian about the right nutrition for your dog. Depending on their age, your Frenchie will need around 30 minutes a day of moderate activity, such as walking or running. Lifestyle is also a factor in avoiding hind leg problems in your French Bulldog. If your pup spends a lot of time indoors or in too small of a space, it can lead to hind leg issues over time. Make sure they have access to plenty of space to run, play, and explore. If your pup is a senior, it is especially important to make sure they are getting enough physical activity. If you notice that your pup is having trouble with their hind legs, it could be an indication of a medical issue. With the right diet, exercise, and lifestyle, you can help keep your Frenchie healthy for years to come. Poor nutrition can lead to hind leg problems. Make sure your Frenchie is eating a high-quality food that contains enough protein, vitamins and minerals. Avoid overfeeding your pup, as excess weight can put additional strain on their hind legs. Knowing the right amount of food and snacks to give your pup is very important for their health. Another important part of their diet is staying hydrated. Make sure your pup has access to clean, fresh water at all times. Dehydration can cause joint pain and inflammation, and lead to further hind leg problems. Regularly checking their water levels and refilling the bowl can help your pup stay hydrated and healthy. French Bulldogs are prone to obesity. Too much body weight can put additional strain on their joints and aggravate any existing hind leg problems. Know the right amount of food and snacks to give your pup and keep them active with regular exercise regimes to ensure they stay fit and healthy. Aim for at least 20 minutes of exercise a day for your Frenchie. Jogging, and swimming are all great activities for Frenchies — just make sure to take it slow and gradually increase the intensity. A gentle warm-up before any activity is also a good idea. Reaching a healthy weight can also help prevent hind leg problems. Be sure to talk to your vet about any health concerns that arise. Your vet is the best person to consult if your Frenchie experiences signs of a hind leg problem. They can suggest changes in exercise, diet, and supplements to help keep your Frenchie healthy. While prevention is always best, early detection is the key to successful treatment. If you notice any sign of a hind leg problem such as limping, difficulty climbing stairs, or hopping on one leg, be sure to get your Frenchie to the vet as soon as possible. Regular vet visits and check-ups are also a great way to keep your Frenchie in optimum health. Post Views: .Pin1 1 Shares Frenchies are a resilient breed, but they are prone to various health issues , some of which can result in limping on the back leg or front paws and lameness. The majority of the time a limp will often be the result of a soft tissue injury such as a sprain in the leg tendon or joint. In most cases these will clear up in a few days and can be helped with pain killers. However, there are other times when a Frenchie limping can be due to something more serious. In this guide I am going to explain the various causes of limping with some short advice on each one. It goes without saying that you should always consult with your vet should your French Bulldog suddenly start limping and you have any concerns. Why is my French Bulldog limping? The most common reason why your French Bulldog started limping is due to a muscle strain, ligament or tendon damage, and a soft tissue injury. Typically, these injuries will occur after running or jumping where you will see the limping starting suddenly. In most cases this can be fixed in just a few days, with many vets prescribing a special dog pain killer which is very similar to aspirin. However, you should always run a few checks first. Vets advise that you: Check for broken toe and claw nails. Check there is no visible bleeding or cuts on the paw. Check for any splinters or foreign objects in the paw. Check to see if your Frenchie is lethargic and not eating. Check for any visible signs of swelling. When you call your vet, make a note of what you see. When you should call a vet If you cannot see any visible and obvious sign why your French Bulldog is limping, for example a splinter, then I would always consult with a vet. If your French Bulldog who woke up limping or shows no sign of getting better, it could be the sign of something more serious. Here are just some of the reasons why your French Bulldog has a limping back leg or limping with their front paws. Your Frenchie might start limping after laying down or just waking up. French bulldog limping back leg: common causes These are the most common causes as described by our own vet. You can continue scrolling for more serious causes of Frenchie lameness. Strain injury: Frenchies love to play, but this can often lead to leg injuries. It can include ligament strains and tendon damage that will often be resolved with pain killers and rest. You should also check for any foreign objects that could have got stuck in the paw. Broken and damaged claws: claws can get torn and split. If the tears is near to the nerve ending it can be very painful leading to a limp. Over-exertion: the limping could be as simple as your Frenchie has overdone things. French bulldog limping back leg: more serious conditions Hopefully the limping back or front legs will right themselves and can be easily diagnosed. However, there are more serious conditions which only your vet will be able to diagnose. Breaks, fractures, and dislocations: Frenchies are busy dogs but due to their genetic make-up can easily dislocate parts of their leg. Torn ligaments: ligament damage will occur after your dog twists and jumps. It can be very painful but can be treated easily by a vet. Hip or elbow dysplasia: both of these are very common in French Bulldogs due to their genetic make-up. Hip dysplasia affects the rear legs, and elbow dysplasia the front legs and paws. It occurs on the back legs and you might see your Frenchie skipping or limping in pain. Inflammatory disease: also known as panosteitis this is common in puppies and results in inflammation on the long bones of the legs. It can cause a shifting lameness, where you see your Frenchie shift weight to limp on either leg. Bone cancer: dog bone cancer is more common in larger dog breeds but can also happen to Frenchies. It can be diagnosed with a blood test. It can be treated with surgery, and your dog could be back walking 2 months post-ACL surgery. Arthritis: most common in older French Bulldogs, limping will start off gradually and is an inflammation of the leg joints. The pain can be reduced with medicine and therapy. It can be treated with antibiotics. Valley fever: this is a fungal disease found in the United States and can either make a French Bulldog puppy limp, or an older dog. It is not age specific at all. Neurological disorders: this will often occur after damage to the spine where a disc will touch against the nerves, leading to potential lameness in your Frenchie. French Bulldog limping on front leg or paws Whilst most of the above causes of Frenchie lameness and limping can affect both the front and back legs, there are certain conditions which are isolated to the rear or front. The most common would be elbow dysplasia front legs or hip dysplasia rear legs. Elbow dysplasia front leg limping : elbow dysplasia is very common in French Bulldogs and is caused by abnormalities in the elbow joints on the front legs. It occurs when cartilage fuses to bone resulting in an out of line elbow joint. Your Frenchie will experience a lot of pain and swelling. It explains what it is, how to treat it, and when to contact your vet. How vets diagnose lameness and limping The first thing a vet will do is check your Frenchie over. Having been to the vets twice in the last two years with Claude having a limp, the vet will first do a manual check. The vet will: Extend the legs to check for discomfort. Massage and manipulating the leg areas to check for swelling. Lightly push down the back to see if the Frenchie resists. It was bred as a companion animal in Great Britain and France in the 19th century. Your Frenchie loves to socialize, and probably follows you around the house. Like all dog breeds, Frenchies are more susceptible to certain diseases than other breeds. Your Frenchie is more likely than other dogs to develop these health conditions. Respiratory Problems in French Bulldogs Frenchies are brachycephalic. They can struggle with breathing because of the shape of their heads. Brachycephalic dogs have smaller airways than other dogs. They have a hard time cooling down on a hot day or after exercise; dogs cool down by panting, and brachycephalic dogs struggle to do so. Shi Tzus, Boston Terriers, and Pugs are other examples of brachycephalic breeds. Brachycephalic dogs favor breathing through their mouth, instead of their nose. All Frenchies are brachycephalic, but some have more severe cases than others. Dogs with severe brachycephaly sometimes require surgery to open their airways. If your dog has trouble exercising, experiences fainting spells, or is lethargic, they might suffer from this inflammation. Degenerative Myelopathy in French Bulldogs Degenerative myelopathy is a spinal nerve disease. They might eventually struggle to control their bowels. Your Frenchie might start to lose muscle mass and have trouble standing. Eventually, your dog might become paralyzed. Since Frenchies love to socialize, this disease can really hold them back. They like to listen to your voice and spend time sitting near you. A dog with degenerative myelopathy might struggle to socialize. They will have a hard time getting around, and will struggle to climb furniture or stairs. There is no cure for degenerative myelopathy, but it can be managed. Kinesiology tape can help dogs with degenerative myelopathy. The tape can restore some feeling and circulation to affected areas. Partially paralyzed Frenchies also might benefit from a wheelchair. Custom-built dog wheelchairs like the ones we build at K9 Carts can make an animal with degenerative myelopathy much more comfortable. Back Problems and Herniated Discs in French Bulldogs Frenchies are uniquely susceptible to back problems, like herniated discs. Since Frenchies were bred to have short back legs and curled tails, their spines can sometimes be defective at birth. Dogs have cushions, or discs, that separate their vertebrae from each other. In the worst cases, slipped discs can cause some degree of paralysis. A K9 Carts custom-built dog wheelchair can help them hang out with other dogs—and you. If you think your dog has any of these diseases, consult a professional as soon as you can. Spanning back to pre-industrial Britain and the lace makers of Nottingham who kept smaller bulldogs as companions and rat catchers. As the industrial age threatened lace-makers livelihood in the UK owners migrated to France where the Bulldogs were bred with terriers and pugs — eventually giving rise to many of the breeds distinguishing features, like their pointy bat ears and smaller stature. The breed exploded in popularity across France and their proclivity for city living as well as their even temperament saw them become a feature of Parisian living. By the end of the 19th century, the breed had become tremendously popular across Europe and in the US. Today the Frenchie is ranked no. But, like all breeds, these loveable little characters are not without their vices and it could be easily argued that the Frenchie has more than their fair share. Elongated soft palate — a condition where the soft palate is too long so that the tip of it protrudes into the airway and interferes with the movement of air into the lungs. Stenotic Nares — Stenotic nares means the nostrils are pinched or narrow. This makes it more difficult to breathe and causes snorting and snoring. It can be rectified through a surgical procedure performed by your veterinarian. Everted laryngeal saccules — Are soft tissue masses located between the vocal folds and wall of the larynx in canines. Potential French Bulldog owners should be aware and ensure their dogs maintain a healthy weight range and do not strenuously exercise especially in the heat. Eye Issues such as Cherry Eye and Corneal ulcers Those adorable brown eyes can be troublesome, due to the squashed faces of the Frenchie some extra care should be given to the eyes and keeping them clean should be on your weekly if not daily pet care tasks. The French Bulldog can often exhibit symptoms of the following eye conditions; Cherry Eye — One of the most common eye problems that Frenchies experience. Cherry eye can be characterized by red tissue protruding from the inside corner of the eye. The red tissue is caused by the prolapsed gland of the eyelid. Cherry Eye can only be fixed through surgery. The dryness causes the surrounding eye tissue to become inflamed and can be painful. If you do notice your pup squinting and blinking a lot with a yellow or green discharge it will best to visit the vet to confirm the cause and get a prescribed treatment. Ulcers are usually caused by some type of trauma, untreated dry eye, or a chemical burn due to soap or shampoo, and it will require urgent medical care. Hip and Spine Problems Frenchies are susceptible to back problems. They were purposefully bred to have short back legs and slightly curled tails, this can lead to congenital conditions which affect development. These defects can impact their spine and hip development as your pup matures. Hemivertebrae — This is an abnormality of one or more vertebrae that causes it to be shaped like a triangle. The abnormality can occur on its own or with other vertebrae malformations. If there is pressure this will most likely cause your pup pain, weakness or even paralysis. When the patella, femur and tibia, are not lined up properly the knee joint slips in and out of place luxates. This can cause lameness or an unusual gait. The disease is present at birth but will not manifest until later on in life at around months. There are four grades of patellar luxation ranging from grade 1 through to grade 4. Severe grades of patellar luxation may require surgical repair. If this occurs, nerve transmissions are inhibited from travelling along the spinal cord. IVDD has a lot of causes and is much more common in smaller breeds. If the disc ruptures, your dog usually feels pain and the ruptured disc can lead to weakness and temporary or permanent paralysis. Hip Dysplasia — A quite a common health concern across a number of breeds and also found in French Bulldogs. The dog may exhibit lameness or symptoms of pain with arthritis in the joint often being the long-term prognosis. The Frenchie is an adorable dog that will unfailingly melt hearts with its big eyes, a funny little personality and superior companion traits. No dog breed is perfect and health problems can and will occur across a range of breeds. As a way to mitigate risks and ensure a healthier and happier dog, we recommend adding some Dig-In Powder or better still, cooking your own dog food and adding a dollop of Dig-In Fresh as the ultimate display of genuine care. Other posts you may be interested in.

We are a German Shepherd breeder that specializes in quality, intelligent dogs with proven superior genetics. We sell German Shepherd puppies that are the perfect choice for professionals and families. We focus on producing a stable, protective line of German Shepherds that you can trust with your children. Sweet tempered companions that will protect your family and property Our German Shepherds have incredible pedigrees and we carefully choose only the best genetics to constantly improve upon the German Shepherd bloodline. We have German Shepherd puppies for sale in Texas, but arrangements can be made to sell a puppy to any state within the 48 contiguous states. We are always happy to talk or visit with you and would love to show you our beautiful German Shepherds. Our German Shepherd Dogs can be used for search and rescue, tracking, guarding, guide dogs for the blind or physically disabled, police work, show and of course a family pet. Our dogs are well socialized with children and other pets. Our puppies are AKC Registered and come with a health guarantee. Our high quality puppies are excellent with children and very easy to train. We have carefully selected world class German Shepherds with proven superior genetics. Our puppies have the potential to become champions in the show ring and your family hero. The West German bloodlines are bred to have great personalities and superb temperaments. They go through extensive training and rigorous testing to earn their titles. The West German Shepherd bloodlines are not just tested on their beauty and showmanship, but also on their ability to perform difficult tasks that require a high level of intelligence, motivation and desire to please their master. As a German Shepherd Breeder, it is our desire to provide you with an exceptional puppy that can bring you the same joy that ours have brought to our family. Our German Shepherds are the perfect choice for personal protection and are great companions for all ages. Testimonials: "Hi. He blended right into our family and we don't remember life before him. His temperament and intelligence are above average. At the vet I heard the vet and techs in the back gushing over how behaved he was and they sent me home with extra goodies for him hehe. He's already house trained. I've already been able to teach him two commands "here" and "place". He's also the best snuggler and is sooo very patient and forgiving with my tornado of a two year old son. He is the best dog I've had in my entire life and love him to the moon. I can't wait until he's old enough to start going on adventures with us. Thank ya'll for a wonderful dog! We get soooo much attention with her! We've had people literally pull off the road just to comment on her! Lots of people asking if we are going to breed her! We are meeting with someone on Friday to evaluate her for protection training. She's my girl and she knows her job well! Btw, people always ask me where I got her.I tell them all about you guys! Here are pictures of Liberty sunbathing with her sister, Queen Bitsy! She loves her boy! Our dogs are hand picked from top German breeders and are from world class West German bloodlines. We are conveniently located 40 miles from Ft. Worth and approximately one hour from Dallas TX. We are proud of our Kaiser facility and all of our outstanding dogs. Each of them is a special part of our family. It takes a great deal of experience, education, and knowledge about the breed to successfully produce world class German Shepherds. My husband Paul and I work together to ensure the highest breed standards are met. Our goal is to continue to not only meet those standards but to improve the breed. They are hand picked from top German breeders and are imported. They are from top West German bloodlines. Selective breeding program to produce superior offspring. We produce a limited number of litters each year in order to personally assure the very best care possible. Healthy puppies and adult dogs is a top priority to us. Our adult dogs have been DNA tested for degenerative myelopathy. Their hips and elbows have been certified as normal. We do a great amount of education with our new puppy owners regarding GSD growth and development, health maintenance, the importance of ongoing socialization and many other important topics about the GSD breed. We make it a practice to stay in touch with our puppy owners for ongoing education and support. We love to see our pups grow into amazing adult dogs as part of a loving family home! We also have a professional trainer available. She has worked with many of our puppies and their new families with outstanding results. She is warm, patient and loves what she does. She is careful and has a loving touch for her puppies; each one captures her heart. She has been extremely helpful to us when we have not been certain about next steps for our pup. Kaiser is not a puppy factory, but a caring, loving, thoughtful, and well read about the German Shepherd breed. So grateful for Terri and Kaiser pups!

Tell your golden what a good boy or girl it is and offer a treat right after the deed is done. Recommended Videos Be consistent If you want to teach your golden to go outside, you must be consistent. Set an alarm for certain times of the day to go out, so your golden has plenty of chances to get it right. Be realistic about how long your golden can hold it. That will allow you plenty of time to help your puppy make the transition to following the rules of your house. Use the potty command To help ensure your golden does its business, add in the potty command. Each time your dog eliminates after the command, offer praise and treats. It could take some consistent practice for it to go outside, and it may arrive in stages. Your puppy may have trouble at night for a little bit until it understands the schedule and is able to make better decisions. If you find that your puppy is having a lot of trouble getting the command, take a look at your process. Are you expecting your puppy to go too long between potty breaks? Are you inconsistent with your praise or timing? Sometimes, a simple change in your process could finally help your pet over that hurdle. How do I train my golden retriever? Offer praise and treats each time your puppy is successful. This is unhealthy and dangerous. Your puppy will need time to get things right. If you only punish your puppy, it may hide to go to the bathroom to avoid the punishment. The training process may take patience, but goldens are highly trainable dogs. Your puppy is ready to be part of the family and needs a little encouragement to understand the rules and behavior you want to see. Editors' Recommendations. An hour later, the puppy has been running around the house, chugged a bunch of water, pees in the house again, and it starts all over… So how do we stop this cycle from happening? Step 1: Take Them Outside Often Some people recommend taking your puppy outside every 20 minutes, while others recommend every hour. The point is, take your puppy outside often before they need to go. Puppies can hold their bladder for about an hour per their age in months, so a two-month-old puppy can hold it for about two hours, a three-month-old puppy can hold it for about three hours, and so on. But now that playtime is over they suddenly remember they have to pee and this nice carpet looks like the perfect spot! You can use this to your advantage by taking them to the same spot every time. To stop this, you need to clean up accidents with an enzymatic cleaner , not regular soap and water. One issue that many people make we made it, too is praising them too loud and too soon, and interrupting them. Then grab them and bring them outside to their spot and if they finish going, praise them like normal for going outside. So if you do all of the steps above, how long should it take for your puppy to be potty trained? All puppies are different, but it can take two weeks to a few months for your golden retriever puppy to be potty trained. So they eventually pick what they think is an ideal spot and go potty out of necessity. We all know that puppies pee-a LOT! It seems like they have tiny little bladders. But how long can they hold it before they have to go? Usually, puppies can hold it for somewhere around an hour per month of age. So if your puppy is one month old, one hour, two months old, two hours, three months old, three hours, etc. You just take them outside to go potty and praise them when they go outside. You just take your pup outside before it has time to realize they need to potty. Instead, it ensures that your pup goes outside and never gets the idea that going inside is acceptable. Most pup parents screw up by not taking their pups outside frequently enough, so they have accidents in the house. They go on to get mad at the puppy who has no idea why their owner is scolding them. A little while later, after the pup has drank a bunch of water or wolfed down a ton of food and then had a good romp, the puppy goes in the house again and starts the process all over again. Some say every hour, while others say every 20 minutes. This means to potty train your puppy quickly, you should avoid these accidents entirely and keep ahead of them. This is NOT playtime! Puppies have the attention span of goldfish, so even though they went outside with the initial intention of going potty, they can completely forget why they came outside when they start playing and then just not go. Instead, you can walk around in circles around the area or pace. This can be both an advantage and a disadvantage for you. Golden Retrievers were originally bred to be hunting dogs, which means they come equipped with an intensely strong sense of smell. Neither soap and water nor regular household cleaners are going to work, no matter what exaggerated claims they make about their odor-fighting power. The reason enzymatic cleaners work is that they chemically break down the odors and destroy them. Golden Retrievers respond really well to positive reinforcement. In fact, they eat it up. They love making you happy! You should be vigilant about supervising your puppy, and not just for potty training reasons. Crate training your Golden Retriever puppy is a great idea. Remember to praise them for going potty outside! Step 5: Handle and Clean Up Accidents Properly The unfortunate truth of potty training is that there will inevitably be accidents. If you catch them in the middle of going potty in the house, find a kind way to startle them. Say it quickly, clearly, and use a voice a little louder than your usual speaking voice. If your puppy finishes going potty outside, then you should praise them and maybe give them a treat. How long does it take to potty train a Golden Retriever puppy? Every puppy is different, and so is their learning speed. You can expect it to take anywhere from two weeks to a couple of months to potty train your Golden Retriever puppy. This can include things like barking, pawing, biting, or nipping. My Heidi grumbles at me. Sitting by the front door or scratching at it. I once had a dog that would go stand at the door and wag his tail when he had to go. It can be a really frustrating process for everyone involved. There will be mistakes, made by both your puppy and you. Depending on your puppy and your training techniques, it can take somewhere between 2 weeks and a couple of months to potty train a Golden Retriever puppy. Because Golden Retrievers are large breed dogs, they tend to pick up potty training faster than smaller breeds. Your puppy can only hold their bladder for around one hour per each month of age. So, if your puppy is 3 months old, you can expect that they can hold it for around 3 hours. Plan to wake up throughout the night to let your puppy out. Adopt the NOAH potty training strategy. And take your puppy outside before you think they have to go. This means letting them out every 30 minutes. Any time your puppy has an accident inside, clean it up with an enzymatic cleaner to eliminate the odor. If you happen to catch your puppy having an accident in progress, interrupt the action, and take the puppy outside. If your puppy resumes going potty outside, then praise and reward them. Praise and reward your Golden Retriever puppy every time they go potty outside, or where you want them to go. Pay attention to your puppy and learn the warning signs that your puppy needs to go. There will be a learning curve. For instance, some puppies prefer grass over things like dirt and mulch. Once you figure that out, you can take your puppy to a nice grassy place to potty. Crate training goes hand-in-hand with potty training. Use the NOAH strategy and try to avoid accidents in the house at all costs. This will make the process go a lot quicker. And lastly, learn the warning signs that your puppy provides to let you know that they need to go potty. Learn more » Golden Retrievers are intelligent, social dogs that love being around people. Potty training a Golden Retriever puppy can be frustrating and messy, but with some consistency and patience, your dog can be taught how to appropriately handle his business. Just keep in mind that accidents will likely happen. A puppy can typically hold its bladder 1 hour for every month of age, which means a 3-month-old pup can control its bladder for 3 hours. Once you pick a bathroom spot for your Golden, always take him to that spot on a leash. Reward Your Puppy Every Time He Eliminates Outside As soon as your Golden does his business outside in the designated area, reward him with praise or give him a yummy dog treat. Crate Train Your Golden A dog crate can come in very useful when potty training a puppy, as it allows you to watch for signs he needs to go out. Just make sure the crate you use is big enough for your puppy to move around freely but small enough to stop him from using a corner as a pee and poop spot. When done correctly, crate training can teach your dog to enjoy spending time in his crate. Image Credit: Parilov, Shutterstock 5. Clean Up After All Accidents Dogs have the habit of eliminating in the same places over and over again. This is why you should clean up after any previous accidents your Golden pup has had. Use an effective enzymatic cleaner that will do a good job of cleaning up and removing the smell of pee and poop. Image Credit: Olimpik, Shutterstock 7. When food is offered at the same times each day, potty training your Golden Retriever will be easier for you and your pup. Conclusion Potty training a Golden Retriever is not all that difficult to do if you follow these helpful tips and tricks. There is nothing cuter than a puppy… until it makes that first hot, steamy mess on your new Persian rug. Potty-training frustrations have formed more than a few wedges between new pet parents and their fur babies. Fortunately, with a bit of knowledge, consistency and patience, spending time on your knees scrubbing up pet stains can be a thing of the past! Training Methods to the Madness There are four popular house-training methods utilized by owners: Crate training Constant-supervision Umbilical-cord training. Some people stick to one method, while others use a combination of these different approaches to best suit their lifestyle. Crate Training Crate training works on two genetic principles: the safety of a den and the need to keep it clean. When the pups are old enough, they learn to eliminate outside of their den. Your puppy has these same genetic rules in his brain: the den is a safe place and it needs to be kept clean. Crates utilize these instinctual rules. Therefore, if you put your puppy in the crate, he learns to hold his bladder until you take him to the appropriate spot. The crate is a tool to utilize any time you cannot actively watch your puppy. When your puppy is out, you MUST supervise him at all times. Any time he has an accident in the house, this sets your training back. Some people feel that crate training is cruel. Crates are simply tools. Crate training gives you a break. So go take that bubble bath without fear of an accident! Crate training means no indoor messes to clean up, and no indoor potty smells to trigger repeat performances after being attracted by the scent. When puppies get used to sleeping in their own filth, they lose this natural instinct to keep their crates clean. If crate training is only used to confine your puppy for long periods of time, he may associate it with negative things — such as isolation. Make sure you use the crate in positive ways so your pup associates comfort and good things, such as food, with the crate — not just being left alone. Who Should Use Crate Training? Paper Training Paper training teaches a puppy to go to the bathroom on paper or puppy pads. This allows you to control where your puppy piddles. Begin by putting the puppy in a confined area of the house with tile flooring for easy clean up. Puppies like to eliminate on soft places, so putting paper down gives them this solution. Put paper or puppy pads on all hard surfaces. Your puppy will avoid eliminating on his bed and will use the paper, since it covers all other surfaces. Once he gets the idea, you can slowly begin eliminating the paper, starting with material closest to the bed. Leave a small piece of slightly soiled paper where you want your puppy to continue to eliminate. This utilizes the principle that puppies like to eliminate where they smell their previous offerings. The goal is for your puppy to learn to go only on the paper. If you want to eventually have your puppy eliminate outside, you can then slowly move the paper towards the door, and then put some paper outside. When your puppy goes to the paper inside, you can open the door and let them go on the paper outside. You then slowly take away the inside paper until they are going to the door to use only the outside paper. Cons of Paper Training If your goal is to get your puppy to eliminate outside, paper training can lengthen house training because your dog is taught to go inside the house first and you then have to basically re-train them. You also have a lot of stinky messes to clean up. Who Should Use Paper Training? Paper training gives your puppy room to play, while still allowing him to eliminate without the need for owner intervention. Constant-Supervision Training Constant-supervision training means that you never take your eyes off your puppy. You learn how to identify when you puppy needs to go, and at the first signal of circling or sniffing you scoop up your fur kid and take him to his potty spot in the yard. This training method requires a lot of intense observation and is best suited for only the most vigilant of owners. Pros of Constant-Supervision Training Your pup has a lot more freedom, and you are there for his every action. When you turn your back for a second — and you will — your puppy will sneak off and make a mistake in the house. This method can take longer than crate training. You must have the time to completely devote to your puppy during the housebreaking period, or you will be cleaning up a lot of messes on your carpet. Constant-supervision training may be best if you have plenty of time to devote solely to the new addition. You must also be constantly home during the potty-training period. You still watch your puppy during his every waking moment, but you use a six-foot leash to keep him tethered to you. You then watch for the signals that your puppy needs to go and take him outside. Pros of Umbilical-Cord Training You only need a leash to start the training, and you can also train your puppy to walk on the leash at the same time. Your puppy gets the exposure and socialization that comes with going everywhere with you. Cons of Umbilical-Cord Training You must have your puppy tied to you at all times, which can be difficult. This can be dangerous if they get caught up in something. If you like constant-supervision training, but want the added security of not losing track of your pup, umbilical-cord training may be a better option. Again, you must be able to keep your puppy with you wherever you go during the day. Your puppy is not eliminating in the house to be spiteful. Do NOT personalize this process. At 8 weeks, most puppies cannot last past two hours. At 12 weeks, this time extends to three hours. At 16 weeks, puppies can wait up to four hours between potty breaks. Punishing a puppy when you find the mess is not helpful and damages your relationship. If you find a mess, simply clean it up. Puppies operate on schedules. When you adapt to the same schedule, you can anticipate their needs and set them up for success. Puppies potty after a long nap, after a meal and after a good play session. They will also need to go out first thing in the morning and right before bed. Your puppy will give you signals when they need to go , such as moving away from you, circling, sniffing or squatting. Puppies tend to go back to the same place they have soiled before. If you do have an accident in the house, you must eliminate all traces of the odor to avoid a repeat offender. Reward your puppy for going to the bathroom where you want. If you catch them in the act of making a mess in the wrong place, distract them, and then pick them up to take them to the proper location to finish. With consistency, they begin to make the word association. The best way to house train a puppy for you may be sticking to one plan, or utilizing multiple approaches to achieve a perfectly house-trained pet. With a little guidance and a lot of love, you and your puppy will find the right balance of a well-behaved dog and an unsoiled Persian rug! This series contains everything a Golden owner needs to know on the subject and should have your puppy or dog toilet trained in the fastest, most effective and painless way for all involved. We strongly recommend reading through the whole series before you begin, to give yourself the skills and knowledge for the greatest chance at speedy success.

Breed Profiles By Kate Brunotts 10 min read May 25, 2 Comments K9 of Mine is reader-supported, which means we may earn a small commission through products purchased using links on this page. Are you looking for a magnificent mutt to take over your home and heart? The Labradane — an endearing cross between a Great Dane and Labrador retriever — might be the perfect fit for your family! These dogs commonly exhibit a combination of traits from both parent breeds, as is the case with most mutts. However, there are a couple of traits that most Labradanes tend to have in common, such as a loyal, loving nature. There are also a couple of similar canine crosses and purebred pooches Labradane lovers may want to consider. This includes big best buddies like Irish Wolfhounds and designer dogs like the Goldendane. But despite their impressive statures, Great Danes can adapt well to relatively small spaces, as long as they are provided the exercise, stimulation, and training they need. Great Danes are known for their easy-going natures and dependable demeanors. In fact, these big doggos are actually super cuddly canines. You can find Great Danes in colors ranging from solid grey, to black to tan, and they also display merle, brindle, or harlequin coats on occasion. As they grow older, it may be more difficult to guide your gargantuan Great Dane, so make sure he has mastered his manners. These good-natured furry friends need plenty of room and moderate exercise to keep their tails wagging. Labrador Retriever The other half of the sweet Labradane can be traced back to one of the most coveted canines: the Labrador retriever. Labs have a history as bird-hunting dogs , so they certainly like to stay active and are happy to accompany you on any adventure. These smart sweethearts also make amazing therapy dogs and tend to follow their favorite humans from one room to the next. Labradors are excellent canine companions, though they need to be placed with an owner who can keep up with their moderately high energy levels, and provide plenty of exercise throughout the day. These medium-sized dogs weigh about 50 to 80 pounds and come in golden, chocolate or black coat variants. Labradane Traits and Characteristics Are you considering bringing home one of these gentle giants? Here are some generalized traits and characteristics for you to take into consideration. With that in mind, still take the time to meet your individual puppy and his parents before committing to your canine. Size and Shape: Labradanes are large furry friends weighing anywhere from 80 to pounds. But as with all mixed breeds, deviations from this range are common. These sweet dogs are highly intelligent, and eager to please their family members. They are also incredibly loyal dogs and known for their friendly, playful nature. These are quintessential family dogs, who do well in households where someone is usually around to keep them company. Coat and Colors: Labradanes usually have a white, brown, black, or brindle coat. Like his Great Dane and Labrador parents, the mixed breed will have a fairly short, slick yet thick coat. Labradanes shed fairly regularly and should have their ears groomed on a regular basis as their large, floppy size makes them prone to ear infections. Intelligence: Labradanes are incredibly intelligent furry friends that should be fairly easy to train. Training Challenges: Luckily, Labradanes are known to be star students out of love for their humans and training treats. Labradanes can also suffer from separation anxiety and do not like being left alone for long periods of time. Health: Labradanes have a life expectancy of anywhere between 8 and 12 years. Best Families and Situations for a Labradane Not all homes are suitable for these unique furry friends. Use this checklist to make sure you can provide a lovely Labradane everything he needs to live a happy life. You have plenty of space. So, Laberdanes are best for homes with plenty of room and a big backyard. Someone is usually home. Labradanes are highly social and love spending time with their humans. The ideal home for a Labradane is lively and usually has someone around to keep these patient pups entertained. These sweet dogs want nothing more than to embed themselves as part of the family unit. How Can You Find a Labradane? Tracking down any designer dog can be difficult, and the grand and great Labradane is no exception. Here are a couple of key ways you can narrow down your search: Start with an online search. Using an online doggie database like Petfinder can make it much easier to determine whether or not there are Labradanes in your area. Look into local shelters. Seek out a ruff-ural. If you happen to know a Labradane owner, you can ask for them to refer you to their breeder. Additionally, you can shoot your shot by reaching out to Labrane owners on social media if you feel comfortable. Keep in mind that not all breeders are reputable. If you choose to purchase your pooch, make sure your breeder is someone you can trust. Here are a few that have similar characteristics to these special canines. Laboundland: These gentle canines hit the sweet spot between their Labrador and Newfoundland parents. Like the Labradane, this mutt is on the larger side with an equally proportionate heart. Bernese Mountain Dog: Berners are known for their good-natured, laid-back demeanor paired with their distinct tri-color coat. These fluffy furry friends do well with kids and other pets. These big best buddies are super sweet and maintain a joyful, puppy-like spirit well into their years. Irish Wolfhound: These purebred pups are one of the tallest breeds you can find and make agreeable canine companions. Irish Wolfhounds are active, loyal, and dedicated family companions. Have you ever met a Labradane before? Like it? Share it! Is this Great Dane and Labrador Retriever crossbreed for you? What is a Labradane? Designer dog breeds became popular during the s when breeders started to intentionally mate two purebred dogs to create healthier offspring. Great Danes are giant dogs from Germany. Today, Great Danes are known as one of the gentlest and most affectionate breeds around. They are people lovers, patient with children, and eager to please their owners. They were bred to help their owners in retrieving game and hunting. Today, Labrador Retrievers are known to be outgoing, friendly, and smart. They are working dogs and help in search and rescue operations and drug and explosive detection. Labradanes are affectionate. It should not come as a surprise that the Lab Great Dane mix is one of the sweetest dogs since both its parent breeds are very loving. This hybrid craves human attention and they take every opportunity to show you they love you. You can expect a Labradane to cuddle up when you watch TV or sleep next to you. While its clingy nature is endearing, this breed is prone to having separation anxiety if left alone for too long. Great Dane Labs are playful and energetic. Labradanes have high energy levels and they love to go for walks, run, and swim. They need moderate exercise daily to keep them healthy and happy. A Labradane is required to have at least 30 minutes of physical activity every day. These dogs need their exercise to put their energy to good use and maintain a healthy weight. Great Dane and Labrador Retriever mix puppies tend to be bouncy because they can get overly excited when at play, but this can be taken care of by proper training. Labradanes are patient with kids and other pet dogs, making them a good addition to the family. A bit of caution, though: they can be over-enthusiastic and might unintentionally hurt small children when playing. While Great Dane and Lab mixes are friendly with the people and animals they know, they have an instinct to protect their owners. These dogs are usually wary of strangers, but they will not bark unless they perceive a threat. Even if your Labradane can be protective, they are not ideal guard dogs. They are naturally sweet and they just happen to scare strangers off because of their size. This breed is classified between a large to a giant dog. The size of this breed is at times described as smaller Great Danes, but bigger Labrador Retrievers. Great Dane and Lab mix puppies experience the fastest growth in the first 6 months and stop growing at months. What does a Great Dane and Lab mix look like? It may be difficult to predict how a crossbreed would look as they can take physical attributes from either parent. In general, this hybrid has a muscular body with a broadhead. They have also inherited their floppy ears and long, curled tail from their parents. They have short, thick, and glossy coats that shed moderately. A Labradane may have a coat in shades of black, brindle, chocolate, brown, fawn, white, cream, merle, and golden. Twice-a-week brushing is enough to keep their coats looking healthy during the non-shedding season. Here are some grooming tips to make this time enjoyable for you and your pooch: Brush in the direction in which the coat grows. Be gentle to avoid hurting your dog. Instead of looking at it as a task, think of it as an experience where you and your pet can bond. Give your Labradane a treat after grooming so he behaves at the next grooming session. Bathing this dog too often will strip its coat of natural oils and result in dry skin and allergies. A bath every month or two or when your dog gets really dirty works best for this crossbreed. The floppy ears of the Labradane will also need weekly checking and cleaning. Make sure the ears are completely dry to prevent the spread of bacteria. Labradanes are smart, but some can be stubborn. Great Danes and Labrador Retrievers are known as working dogs , which means that they are smart and capable of carrying out specific tasks such as guarding property or pulling sleds. Like its parent breeds, the Labradane is quick to pick up on commands. Generally, the Lab Great Dane mix is easy to train because of its intelligence and eager-to-please attitude, which it mostly inherits from its Labrador Retriever side. But you might also encounter dogs who are a little more stubborn in following commands. Training will also ensure that Great Dane Lab mix puppies will grow up to be well-behaved giant dogs. Here are some types of training that this breed needs: Socialization — Labradanes can be protective and will be suspicious of strangers. While these dogs are puppies, you will need to socialize them with people or other animals that they would need to get along with. This is dangerous for your dog, especially because of its size. This breed can get over-excited so you also need to train him on how to express its enthusiasm appropriately. When training your Labradane, keep in mind that your puppy must see you as the leader of the pack. You always have to be calm and assertive. They would take opportunities to make you happy in training so they would listen well and follow instructions. Positive reinforcement such as treats and praise also goes a long way in helping good behavior stick. Remember, these dogs are sensitive to your attitude and the tone of your voice. Yelling at your Great Dane and Lab mix will not yield positive results and might hurt his feelings. They also have a tendency to overeat just like their Labrador Retriever parent. Feed your Labradane 4. Both parent breeds are prone to obesity, which can result in other serious health problems. Dog food for giant breeds like Great Danes may also be the best food for the Great Dane Lab mix since these two dogs are around the same size and will share similar nutritional needs. The right kibble will give your pup healthier skin, a shinier coat, and higher energy levels. It would be better to consult your vet to prescribe a specific diet for your beloved canine. Please note that as your Great Dane and Lab mix puppy grows, it would have different needs for its growing body and activity levels. Health issues the Great Dane and Lab mix may inherit Like with any crossbreed, we have to check its parent breeds to see the potential health issues it may inherit. Here are some common conditions this hybrid may inherit from the Great Dane and the Labrador Retriever: Elbow and Hip Dysplasia — this is a condition that usually affects large dog breeds. It occurs when the ball and socket joint is malformed, so that instead of sliding smoothly, the ball and its socket do not meet properly and grind against one another. This condition can cause great pain to your Great Dane and Labrador Retriever mix. Obesity — Labradors love to eat and the Labradane can inherit this hearty appetite. It is best to observe portion control when feeding your Great Dane Lab mix. Its daily exercise should also be helpful in keeping excess weight off this dog. Panosteitis — this is bone inflammation that is common in puppies with long legs due to the rapid growth of bones. Cardiomyopathy — is a heart condition Great Danes suffer from. It is a disease of the heart muscle resulting in an enlarged heart. Your Great Dane and Lab mix should have a heart checkup at least once a year. As a deep-chested breed, the Labradane is also prone to bloat or gastric dilatation-volvulus GDV. There are several theories about the cause of bloat. The most common theory is that it happens when a dog overeats or eats too quickly. Gas buildup causes the stomach to inflate like a large balloon, and the stomach becomes overstretched. This is why bloat is often a fatal condition. One of the easiest ways to prevent bloat is to keep your dog from physically rigorous activities right after meals. This list of health issues might look overwhelming and may make you think twice about getting yourself a Labradane. But advocates of designer dog breeds say that hybrids are much healthier than purebred dogs due to genetic diversity. This crossbreed may or may not inherit these illnesses, but the key to having a healthy Great Dane and Lab mix lies in the care and attention you give to your pooch. Visits to the vet to have health checks are strongly advised to prevent any serious issues from developing. Giving your pet a proper diet and sufficient exercise is important as well. All of these sound good! Where can I get a Labradane pup? You can get your Great Dane and Lab mix from a rescue or a dog who is for adoption and is looking for a new home or you can buy a puppy. It will be heartbreaking if you take home a puppy and find out that it has a chronic illness. It may not be easy finding a breeder that focuses on Labradanes, so you can check breeders of Great Danes and Labrador Retrievers and go from there. Here are some breeders for Great Danes and Labrador Retrievers:. Video: Labradane Lab Great Dane Mix Playing and Retrieving Temperament and Behavior The Labradane, characterized by a pleasant disposition, makes a great companion desiring to be closely bonded to its human family. Always eager to please its owner, the dog craves for praise and affection. It will welcome your visitors unless it sees something suspicious. Besides its protective nature, its imposing appearance can be intimidating for an unwanted stranger. A Labradane is well disposed toward kids and other pets if raised with them. However, its size can cause problems, as it can accidentally knock over a small child. Make sure that you teach your kids how to approach and get along with these big dogs safely. Care Exercise Even though Labradanes are quiet indoors, they need regular minute walks or interactive playing sessions in a secured area. They should not be overly exercised especially when young since puppies are vulnerable to bone and joint problems. Grooming Their coat needs regular brushing with a firm-bristled brush, as it helps in keeping the fur healthy and clean, thereby reducing the number of baths they need. Brush their teeth times a week and trim their nails once a month. When their ears show signs of infection, clean them with a pH-balanced solution. Health Problems The Great Dane Lab mixes are affected by certain health issues including elbow and hip dysplasia, improper development of bones and joints, PRA, epilepsy, cataracts, gastric torsion, and acute moist dermatitis. Training Start training the Labradanes early because their sheer size could make them difficult to control by the time they become adults. Socialization: To prevent your pet dog from exhibiting aggression or fear when meeting strangers, properly socialize Labradane puppies with unfamiliar people and pets. You may check in your neighborhood for groups that take their dogs to the park or ask the dog walkers to join you on the route. Teaching your dog to chase and fetch: Encourage your pet to go after a ball, Frisbee, or stick by tossing it a short distance. When your dog goes for it, reward with praises and treats. If your dog refuses to bring the toy back, you can use another object and throw it in an opposite direction. This will help in familiarizing your pet to the idea of going back to you once it has grabbed the object. After your dog has mastered this, try calling your dog back and ask it drop the object. Feeding The Labradane needs four and a half to six cups of dry dog food per day. Due to their popularity, Labradanes are priced quite high. If you are looking for a unique hybrid, the Labradane may be the pup for you. They are gentle giants full of love! Labradanes can weigh over pounds Labradanes can easily weigh over pounds, sometimes hitting close to pounds. Although the average Labrador Retriever rarely weighs over pounds, the Great Dane can weigh over pounds. Labradanes Shed a Lot Labradanes may have short coats, but their shedding can be overwhelming. Labradanes Love to Eat Unlike some breeds and mixes, Labradanes love to eat. These large dogs are happy snuggling on the couch with their favorite person, but they do enjoy playtime and romping around off-leash. While not all Labradanes may possess the same qualities as their littermates, we can take a closer look at the parents to have an idea of what to expect: Great Danes are known for being the gentle giants of the dog world but are sadly known for their short lifespans. These massive canines are excellent companions that rarely have aggression issues, but their imposing size makes them deterrents to unwanted visitors. Great Danes are also a popular choice for service work, often trained in helping people with physical disabilities move around from place to place. Labrador Retrievers are the most popular dog breed almost exclusively around the world, mostly due to their cheerful and good-natured demeanors. Although they can be raucous as young puppies, Labs usually mellow within a few years. Labs, as well as Golden Retrievers and German Shepherds, make exceptionally great seeing-eye dogs. Temperaments can vary wildly with mixed breeds, but Labradanes seem to have missed the memo and are known for being relatively calm and mild-mannered. They do best with homes that have adequate space for them, so this hybrid is not the best choice for small apartment living. Labradane Overview Labradanes are mixed breed dogs. They are not purebreds like their Labrador Retriever or Great Dane parents. The most common colors of Labradane coats are brown, black, and white. They are usually solid colors, although small markings might be present in some cases. Labradanes love humans and need big spaces. The Labradane is great with kids, even though they sometimes forget about their own size. Labradanes tend to overeat or eat too quickly, which can lead to bloat or obesity. Labradane History The Labradane came about during the designer dog craze in the s. The Labrador was previously called the St. Labradane Size The Labradane is usually described as a large or even giant dog. As a newer dog breed, exact size standards might vary, but with Labrador and Great Dane heritage you can definitely expect your dog to be on the bigger end of the scale. Most weigh in at to pounds and range in height from 24 to 30 inches. Female Labradanes can sometimes be a little smaller than their male counterparts. The gentle giant reputation the breed has picked up is very warranted. This dog loves to hang out with humans whenever possible, although they might, on occasion, be wary of total strangers. Brisk walks are great for them, and the Labradane is always a star at the local dog park. Just be wary that sometimes they can act a little goofy and not always realize the extent of their own size! It goes without saying that big dogs need big living spaces. A large family environment is preferred—this is not a dog for a single person living in an apartment situation. Labradane Health Labradanes are generally considered to be healthy dogs—although the breed is a deep-chested dog, which can lead to digestive issues and bloat. Your vet can help you develop a care routine that will keep your dog healthy. Labradanes can become obese due to overeating—consider serving smaller, monitored meals throughout the day rather than letting the dog free-feed. Twice daily walks are standard for a Labradane. Labradanes need to keep up a structured exercise regime through their life, not only to stay toned but to avoid any mobility issues that might arise from inactivity. The breed also likes to be mentally stimulated, so provide interactive toys and consider adding variety to play sessions and walking routes. This will help ward off infection. Labradane Feeding An ideal Labradane diet should be formulated for a large-sized breed with medium energy. Labradanes need to stick to a heathy diet. The breed is usually the same color all over, although small markings might be present in some cases. Labradanes have short and dense coats. Their short hair should be brushed twice a week as part of a regular grooming routine, although in spring months you may notice slightly heavier than usual shedding, so update your regime as appropriate. Bathing your Labradane once a month is recommended. The breed is usually fine living in all climates—although, in hot weather, make sure that heat exhaustion is not a risk during walks. This is a playful breed that enjoys forming close bonds with the humans in their life. Labradanes can also become quite protective of the people they live with. However, if you have very young kids, make sure to supervise play sessions as sometimes this gentle giant of the dog world forgets about its large size. The Labradane is usually tolerant of other animals, including dogs. Although always exercise caution before introducing new pets to each other. Labradane Rescue Groups It may be hard to find a breed-specific rescue for Labradanes because they are a mixed breed. However, you may want to try Labrador Retriever or Great Dane breed-specific rescues, as they often care for mixes, as well. Rescues that cater to large or giant breeds might also be able to help. Here are some rescues you can try:. Shedding is light throughout the year, but it may get heavier during its shedding season. When shedding is light, brushing once or twice a week would suffice. While heavy shedding might require regular daily brushing. A firm-bristled brush may be used as it helps in maintaining the fur healthy and clean. Applies to all dog food recalls in the U. You can also opt for a swimming activity since this hybrid dog loves swimming a lot. Proper cleaning and care should be given to their ears as these sites tend to accumulate dirt and bacteria easily. If you suspect any signs of ear infection, clean the ears with a pH-balanced solution. Long nails should also be trimmed to avoid problems concerning tearing or splitting if they are not worn down naturally. Just like other dog breeds, dental health is also essential with your Lab Great Dane. Make sure to brush their teeth at least twice or thrice a week to prevent tooth decays. Regular exercise activities should also be helpful to keep off gaining excess weight. Elbow and Hip Dysplasia: These conditions are common among large dog breeds. It happens when the ball and socket joint is malformed, so instead of sliding smoothly across one another, the bones do not adequately meet. Dysplasia causes unbearable pain to your Great Dane Lab mix. Cardiomyopathy: Your Labradene may also suffer from heart conditions, such as cardiomyopathy. Make sure to always to bring your Lab Great Dane to his veterinarian at least once a year. Panosteitis — Also known as Shifting Leg Lameness or Pano, this condition is occasionally seen among dogs with long legs due to the rapid growth of their bones. Bloating: Your dog may also suffer from bloating caused by gas buildup in the stomach. It may inflate like a large balloon wherein the abdomen may become overstretched. At worst condition, the heart and the stomach may not get enough blood and oxygen, which may cause the stomach to die. Bloating can be fatal. Moreover, the key to having a healthy Labradane also lies in the care and attention you give your pet companion. For optimal results, go for the tried and tested best large breed dry dog food and our picks of the best dry dog food brands. The Great Dane Lab diet should include lean meat-rich foods, with the right amount of vegetables and fruits. Make sure not to forget supplying him with a fresh, clean bowl of drinking water from time to time. Moreover, always remember to not feed your dog with foods stuffed with preservatives. If you are not sure how to tell which ingredients to avoid, take a look at our guide on the worst dry dog food and go from there. Make them into a bona fide canine powerhouse by adding supplements to their diet. We would start with Nutra Thrive dog food supplement — after consulting with the vet first, of course! Apart from minding the nutritional value and the ingredient list of the food you serve to your pooch, you have to make sure it matches their age. If your Lab Great Dane mix is but a puppy, there are numerous best puppy food brands that you can opt for. While your dog is a cub, they can also eat food designed for tiny pooches, such as the best dry dog food for small dogs. When they become old and wrinkly, their frail health will be best sustained with these best senior dry dog food brands. Lab crossed with Great Dane Exercise Requirements The Labrador crossed with Great Dane is an energetic dog, so regular exercise is needed to release its excess energy and to keep him happy and healthy. Regular routine practice is not only good for your dog, but it is also beneficial for your health. He requires at least 30 minutes of physical activity or interactive play sessions daily. The Labradanes love to go for walks, but you can also try other outdoor activities. Here are some examples that you can enjoy with your Labrador crossed with Great Dane: Hiking: It is a great way to turn your daily walk to an exciting and fun activity for you and your dog. You can try going to the woods near your area for a little adventure and hike for a few distances. Swimming: Because of the Labrador Retriever in his lineage, the Labradane is also one of those few dogs who love swimming. It also provides relief from the heat during the summer months. You may also add some twist to the activity by using either a Frisbee or a tennis racquet to throw the object farther. Lab Great Dane Training Since the Labradane is a highly energetic breed which can sometimes be overly enthusiastic and boisterous, early training and socialization are essential aspects in calming down this hybrid. This is important because they can be difficult to control once they become adults because of their sheer size. Here are some types of training your Lab mixed with Great Dane may need: Socialization Training: Socialization at an early age has been proven to prevent your Labradane from developing aggressive behaviors, anxiety, and fearfulness later on in their adulthood. It should be included in the training routine of any responsible dog parent. The key to socialization training is to introduce and expose your dog to different people, animals, and environments as early as a puppy. Basic Obedience Training: Your Labradene puppy needs to grasp basic obedience training commands such as sit down, come, stay drop, stop and recall so you can control their behavior when needed. As previously mentioned, this crossbreed can be overly enthusiastic, so you also need to train him how not to get too excited. Encourage them to go inside their crate by using treats as rewards. When training your Great Dane Lab, keep in mind that your puppy must see you as the leader of the pack. Avoid being overly strict while training your pup as he may grow up fearing you instead of showering you with loyalty. Make sure to be gentle but firm in training him. They will easily listen and follow your instructions and are eager to participate in the training session with you. Remember to implement positive reinforcement. Treats and praises can go a long way in helping good behavior stick. Great Dane Labrador and Families Despite his large size, the Great Dane crossed with Labrador Retriever is a great family dog because of his affectionate and loving nature. They are patient, friendly and gentle with children and other pet animals. Careful attention should still be given when they are around babies and infants as they can be overly-enthusiastic and they might unintentionally hurt small kids when playing due to their large size. With proper socialization and training, the Great Dane Lab should make a loveable and excellent family companion. They can be your loyal pet companion as long as you shower them with equal love and care. Be a responsible dog parent by feeding them well, socializing them and giving them sufficient amount of exercises and training. References: Wang, Ping, et al. Walton, Joel, and Eve Adamson. Labrador Retrievers for Dummies. Wiley Publishing, .Lee, Muriel P. Kennel Club Books Llc,

Easiest Dog to Take Care of: Top 10 Breeds for a Happy Home Do you ever dream about having a furry best friend who loves to play fetch, gives the warmest cuddles, and greets you with the happiest tail wags every time you come home? A friend who is not just any dog, but the easiest dog to take care of? We know, it sounds like a dream come true, right? But we also understand that bringing a new puppy home is a big step. It's like adding a new member to your family, a little brother or sister.Top 30 Smartest Dog Breeds In The World If you're a dog lover, you've probably heard the age-old debate: which dog breeds are the smartest? While all dogs have their own unique intelligence and personality, some breeds have proven to be consistently brilliant over time. In this guide, we'll explore the top 30 smartest dog breeds ranked, from problem-solving whizzes to trainable and intuitive pups. We've done our research to provide you with an updated and informative.These pooches are joyful, lively, eager to please dogs. They are adventurous, kind, family-oriented pups who love hiking, swimming, canine games, sports and any, and all, family activities. These puppies are merry and bouncy little marshmallows. They are cuddly and sweet pups who love running around, playing, making friends and are very enthusiastic learners. The breed is divided into 3 recognized categories: Toy Poodle; Mini; Standard. Although they differ in size, one thing is for sure: they are glamorous companion pets. Its skull is somewhat round with a long, straight muzzle. All three varieties have the same build and proportions. This breed is nothing short of athletic, and they will want plenty of opportunities to show this off. Discover more about our Toy Poodle puppies for sale below! Poodles are notorious for learning tricks quickly and will love to take part in a wide range of canine hobbies. Keep them entertained with exercise, activities, games, and puzzles and you will have a very happy Poodle. Their elegant shape covered in a beautiful curly or corded coat gives them their distinct and famous look. It is this widely adored appearance, plus their intelligence, has earned this breed the status of the official dog of France. The Poodle is thought to have originated from Germany as a breed of water retriever. However, some argue that it is a descendant of the French Barbet dog. What we do know is that this is an old breed, with a history stretching back to the 15th century at least. Disposition Poodles are famous for being one of the most intelligent breeds, making them incredibly responsive and trainable. Meaning, they are very sweet, lively and cheerful puppies who like to be with people. If they are socialized properly, a Poodle will both charm your friends and also make a wonderful watchdog. It is important to give them the proper amount of exercise they need because, without it, they can become stressed and timid. The Poodle is great with children, making them an excellent family dog. Poodles are active, intelligent and proud dogs. They love to spend time with their family and are eager to play and please. They are remarkably agile and smart, which makes them wonderful to train. They enjoy learning and puzzles, so keep your Poodle stimulated to avoid them being bored or anxious. This breed is very people-oriented, which makes them both loyal and kind. They will respond to training routines that are fun and positive, just keep it consistent. Exercise Poodle puppies of any size are very active and require a good amount of exercise every day to suit their high energy level. They will thrive when they are kept busy and get to act on those inherent impulses such as retrieving, hunting, swimming, and learning. Poodles love to go for walks and jogs. Some even learn to do it themselves with clippers, while others take their dog to a professional dog groomer about every six weeks to have their hair and nails trimmed. Training As with most dogs, the Poodle will do best when they receive early socialization and leadership. This opportunity to learn manners will help that they grow up into a confident, happy adult dog. This is largely due to how cute they are as well as how trainable they are. The best approach to training is to make it both fun for you and the dog. They will respond best to positive reinforcement as they can be a bit sensitive. Despite their quiet nature, Poodles can be fans of their own voices. They tend to alert you to visitors, which is a trait you may appreciate. If you are not a fan of barking, make sure to not react to the barks. You may also want to try clicker training if the barking persists as an issue. See store for details on a particular puppy. American Canine Association, Inc.

It is made with real deboned chicken as the first ingredient! As this dry dog food is aimed for small breeds , this means the size of the kibble is small to make it easier for your French Bulldog to chew. The reviews of this dry dog food are mostly positive, with dog owners praising the nutritious and healthy ingredients, as well as the size of the kibble being perfect for small breeds. However, some dog owners have noted that the dark-colored kibble pieces in this dry dog food are not very well-liked by their pooches. The dark-colored kibble pieces are coated with antioxidants and vitamins, so the possible lack of flavor could be due to this. This small breed puppy food from Wellness Core is one of the best foods for French Bulldog puppies as it is full of the ingredients your pup needs to develop properly. Additional supplements like vitamin E and taurine also provide your pup with essential nutrients. The size of the kibble is small to make sure your French Bulldog is able to chew it with ease. The formula of this dry dog food is well-balanced and lower in calories to help your furry friend maintain a healthy weight. This dog food for puppies is grain-free, so it is ideal for French Bulldog puppies who are intolerant to it. Zero wheat, corn, soy, meat-byproducts, artificial flavors, colors, or preservatives are used in this dry food to make it as natural as possible. The reviews for this puppy food from Wellness are very positive. Two great qualities about this dog food are its great taste and healthy ingredients. A lot of puppies seem to do very well and enjoy the flavor of this dog food, so it could be a great choice for your French Bulldog puppy. However, this puppy food could cause digestive issues when you first transition your French Bulldog to it. To counteract this, it might be a good idea to slowly introduce this dog food to your French Bulldog by mixing it into their old food for at least seven days. Pros Deboned chicken as the first ingredient Grain-free Contains DHA for proper cognitive development Small kibble size Could cause digestive issues initially 4. Deboned salmon is the first ingredient, alongside vegetables like peas and sweet potatoes. Low-glycemic index ingredients are used to provide your French Bulldog with proper nutrition, as well as probiotics for good digestive health. Vitamin B6 and niacin from lamb are also used to give your French Bulldog the energy they need to play. Added calcium and phosphorus are included in this dog food for strong and healthy bones. This dry dog food is one of the best dog foods for French Bulldogs with allergies as it contains very few allergy-triggering ingredients. A huge number of positive reviews note that the formula is effective for pooches with allergies, so this dog food could work well for you and your French Bulldog. However, some picky eaters might take a while to get used to this dry dog food. This dog food could also cause flatulence when your dog is initially introduced to it. Gradually switching your French Bulldog to this food by combining it with their old dog food could help with this. Pros High in protein and amino acids Packed with vitamins, minerals, and nutrients Grain-free Best for French Bulldogs with allergies Cons Could cause flatulence initially 5. It uses only nine ingredients, which makes it ideal for pups with a sensitive stomach. Real chicken is listed as the first ingredient, alongside lentils, potatoes, and peas. This puppy food is rich in the essential nutrients your French Bulldog puppy requires to thrive. A couple of great features about this puppy food is its high-quality ingredients and effectiveness for puppies with digestive issues. This is likely due to the limited ingredients in this food only 9! If your French Bulldog puppy has skin allergies or a sensitive stomach, this dry dog food could work well for them. If your puppy is notoriously fussy with food, then this dog food might take some time for them to become adjusted to. The recipe contains salmon as the only protein source and uses zero grains to make it easier for your dog to digest. Sweet potatoes are also a major component in this dry dog food. If your furry friend suffers from an irritable stomach or food-related allergies, this dog food from Natural Balance could work very well for you and your pup. Reviews for this dry dog food are mostly positive and dog owners have praised how well it works for dogs with allergies or stomach issues. However, some dogs who are picky could take a while to warm up to this dog food. Additionally, the kibble pieces are fairly large in size. This could make it unsuitable for young French Bulldogs or those who are smaller than average. Pros Ideal for French Bulldogs with a sensitive stomach or food allergies Grain-free. By choosing a dog food with top ingredients, you can ensure your Frenchie receives the essential nutrients they need for a healthy and happy life. Salmon, poultry, and lamb are particularly beneficial sources of protein for French Bulldogs. Healthy Fats Healthy fats, such as omega-6 fatty acids, are an excellent source of nutrition for French Bulldogs. These fatty acids help maintain a healthy immune system, promote healthy skin, and result in a glossy coat. By providing your Frenchie with a diet rich in healthy fats, you can support their skin and coat health while helping to moderate inflammation. Beneficial Supplements In addition to high-quality protein and healthy fats, beneficial supplements like prebiotic fiber, probiotics, glucosamine, chondroitin, taurine, and omega fatty acids should be considered for French Bulldog dog food. Prebiotic fiber and probiotics are formulated to be gentle on the digestive system and promote digestion. Glucosamine and chondroitin are essential for joint health and support joint and cartilage health maintenance. Taurine and omega fatty acids have been found to be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Some dog foods that include these beneficial supplements are: Nutro Ultra Weight Management Dry Dog Food, which contains taurine for cardiovascular health Royal Canin French Bulldog Puppy Food — which provides complete and balanced nutrition, strengthens the immune system, encourages growth, and promotes balanced intestinal flora. By choosing a dog food with these beneficial supplements, you can provide your Frenchie with a well-rounded diet that supports their overall health. Potential Allergies and Sensitivities in French Bulldogs French Bulldogs may be prone to allergies and sensitivities , making it important to research the ingredients in their food and consult a vet if necessary. Some common sensitivities in French Bulldogs include corn, soy, beef, and dairy products. If your Frenchie shows signs of allergies or sensitivities, it is essential to evaluate the ingredients in their food and seek veterinary advice if needed. If you suspect your French Bulldog has a food allergy , you may want to consider a limited-ingredient dog food or a grain-free diet. By being aware of potential allergies and sensitivities and choosing the right dog food, you can help your Frenchie maintain a healthy and happy life. Feeding Guidelines for French Bulldogs Feeding guidelines for French Bulldogs include following label recommendations for feeding quantity and dividing daily servings into smaller meals for sustained energy supply. For French Bulldog puppies , it is recommended to provide them with 1. Puppies aged between 2 to 6 months should be supplied with three meals per day, whereas older puppies should be given two meals daily. Adult and senior French Bulldogs should also be fed two meals per day. By following these feeding guidelines, you can ensure that your Frenchie receives the right amount of food for their age, weight, and activity level, helping them maintain a healthy body weight and preventing potential health issues. Our Top Picks: Best Dog Foods for French Bulldogs in Our top picks for the best dog food for French Bulldogs in include a variety of options tailored to meet the unique nutritional needs of this charming breed. From weight management formulas to grain-free options and specialized diets for puppies and seniors, these dog foods offer the essential nutrients your Frenchie needs to thrive. Pet owners recommend this dog food for its weight maintenance benefits, quality ingredients, and multiple protein sources. Additionally, it is free from artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives and contains taurine, which acts as a natural antioxidant for your pup. By choosing the best overall dog food for your Frenchie, you can support their overall health and well-being. This dog food is specifically tailored for overweight and less active dogs, providing an optimal protein-to-fat ratio to help them reach their weight goals and maintain an energetic lifestyle. However, the benefits it offers in terms of weight management and affordability make it a great value option for French Bulldog owners. Food and food are both great options when it comes to feeding your French Bulldog puppies. Both provide a complete, balanced diet for their growth and development. Food provides complete and balanced nutrition, strengthens the immune system, encourages growth, and promotes balanced intestinal flora. It is also easy to digest for optimal nutrient absorption, making it an ideal choice for your Frenchie puppy. It is worth noting that some puppies may not take to Royal Canin French Bulldog Puppy Dry Dog Food, and it is more expensive than other dog food options due to its breed-specific nature. However, the benefits it offers in terms of nutrition and breed-specific formulation make it a top choice for French Bulldog puppies. It provides optimal nutrition to maintain their health and wellbeing. This specialized diet is formulated for French Bulldogs over the age of twelve months and includes L-carnitine and top-notch protein to sustain optimal muscle mass, probiotics to minimize intestinal fermentation, and a kibble design that is easy for Frenchies to consume and encourages chewing. While some dogs may not accept Royal Canin French Bulldog Adult Dry Dog Food and it is costly, the benefits it provides in terms of nutrition and breed-specific formulation make it an ideal choice for senior French Bulldogs. Customers say their dogs love the taste of this food. Additionally, it is excellent for dogs with food allergies. No longer will they suffer from itchy paws or diarrhea. By choosing a dog food specifically designed for French Bulldogs with allergies, you can help alleviate their allergy symptoms and provide them with a diet that supports their overall health and well-being. Customers have reported that their dogs enjoy the flavor of Wellness Core Grain-Free Kibble and have maintained a healthy coat when consuming this food. By choosing a grain-free dog food option for your French Bulldog, you can support their overall health while accommodating their dietary needs. They come in a wide variety of flavors and are packed with lots of nutrition. Our dogs do deserve the best! Gradually introducing the new food over a period of days can help avoid these problems. If your dog experiences any digestive issues or stomach discomfort, consult your veterinarian for advice. Foods to avoid include chocolate, coffee, tea, grapes, and raisins. Instead, consider offering your Frenchie safe and healthy alternatives such as oatmeal, sweet potatoes, brown rice, fish, chicken, vegetables carrots, green beans, broccoli , and fruits apples, bananas, blueberries. It is always a good idea to consult your veterinarian if you are uncertain about what foods are appropriate for your French Bulldog. By providing your Frenchie with safe and healthy food alternatives, you can promote their overall health and well-being. Homemade Dog Food Options for French Bulldogs While commercially manufactured foods are generally recommended for French Bulldogs, some owners may prefer to prepare homemade dog food for their pets. Suitable ingredients for homemade dog food for French Bulldogs include cooked lean meats, cooked eggs, cooked vegetables, cooked grains, and healthy fats. If you choose to prepare homemade dog food for your French Bulldog, it is essential to ensure that the diet provides the necessary nutrients to support their health and well-being. Consult your veterinarian for guidance on creating a balanced and nutritious homemade diet for your Frenchie. Summary In conclusion, selecting the best dog food for your Frenchie is an essential part of supporting their overall health and well-being. By understanding their unique nutritional needs, choosing high-quality ingredients, and providing a diet tailored to their age, weight, and activity level, you can ensure your Frenchie thrives. With the right nutrition, your Frenchie will enjoy a healthy, happy, and fulfilling life. Frequently Asked Questions What are Frenchies allergic to? French can suffer from environmental allergies such as dust mites, pollens, molds, and grass as well as food allergies such as corn, soy, beef, and dairy products. Taking steps to reduce exposure to allergens can help keep your Frenchie healthy and comfortable. This could include things like keeping the house clean, using air purifiers, and avoiding areas with high pollen. What should I feed my French Bulldog puppy? As the owner of a French Bulldog puppy, it is important to ensure your pup is getting the right nutrients. Feed them high-quality, nutritionally complete puppy food and, if desired, lean raw meat to provide them with the balanced diet they need. When he's not spending time with his furry best friend "Freddy II", you can find him reading up on the latest Frenchie trends or exploring new parks and hiking trails with his dapper little Frenchie by his side. Whether you're a seasoned Frenchie owner or just starting your journey, Freddy is excited to share his experiences and insights with you through his articles on this website. Fiber: 4. This diet is quite heavy in grains which can be problematic for some dogs that are known for skin or stomach sensitivities. Both avocado and avocado oil are included to assist with optimal coat and skin health. One of the main benefits of this diet is its excellent price point. With so many nutritional benefits to offer, it is not difficult to see why Avoderm is among the best dog foods for French Bulldogs. Pros Owners of dogs suffering from food-related allergies found complete relief from all symptoms when transitioned to this diet. Digestive health shows improvement and stool quality is excellent when fed a steady diet of Avoderm Small Breed Adult. Some owners report less shedding in dogs fed this high quality diet regularly. Some dogs that were previously on prescription medications for itching were able to cease all treatment once fed a regular diet of Avoderm Small Breed Adult. Dogs really enjoy the taste of this diet, eagerly looking forward to every meal. Cons A few dogs experienced some weight gain when fed the recommended serving size for their age and size. This was easily remedied by cutting back portion sizes in small measures. This diet is heavy in grains which may be problematic for some dogs with food-based allergies. In very rare cases, some dogs dislike the taste of this food and will not eat it. A few owners noted that they found the smell of this food off putting. Some owners commented that this food is very difficult to find in stores. However, it is readily available online and can be delivered. A breed known for its clown-like ways and adorable bat-ears, the French Bulldog, often affectionately referred to as a Frenchie, makes friends wherever it goes. A breed with low activity requirements and that can suffer from a number of health issues including breathing problems and skin conditions, the Frenchie requires a high-quality diet fed in correct proportions to encourage a healthy body weight and prevent weight gain. The best dog foods for French Bulldogs are nutritionally balanced to support optimal canine health and wellness. The average adult French Bulldog typically requires calories per day. This will vary depending on activity level and whether the dog is spayed or neutered. The Pet Nutrition Alliance calorie calculator is an excellent guide but remember to consult your veterinarian for more detailed nutritional information. To keep the French Bulldog feeling satisfied, these calories should be divided out over two meals with one feeding in the morning and the other at night. Dietary Requirements for French Bulldog Foods As a general rule of thumb, French Bulldogs benefit from a diet that consists of a minimum of 18 percent lean protein and 5 percent fat. Whole proteins are the preferred choice, but meat meals are equally as acceptable and can pack a powerhouse punch of nutrition. Lean sources of protein are best such as poultry or fish. Healthy fats from animal sources such as chicken fat or fish oils are best and can help assist with digestion. Frenchies can be prone to gas problems, meaning carbohydrates should come from sources that are easy for the dog to digest. The French Bulldog does well on a diet that includes whole grains or that is based on fruits and vegetables. The best dog foods for French Bulldogs place a high emphasis on ingredients that are easy to digest. Lean proteins in whole form are the ideal choice; however, meat meals are also a good addition to any high-quality food for this breed. Enriched with probiotics and helpful supplements The addition of supplements to a high-quality food can help promote optimal health in the French Bulldog. Glucosamine and chondroitin strengthen joint functionality. Since the French Bulldog can suffer from a sensitive stomach, a diet that includes probiotics and prebiotics is an excellent idea as both aid digestion. Rated 5 out of 5 by Sandy from Peace of mind for me and a healthy, tasteful food. I started my male Labrador on Taste of the Wild as an eight week old puppy. He was incrediblely anxious to eat his meal even back then. I have researched pet food health benefits for many months now and Taste of the Wild rates very well with most advocate groups, vets, and trainers. Rio is a healthy, strapping 7. His stools are solid, his coat beautiful, and he is not susceptible to stomach issues. Further, I am retired and this pet food is a good value when stacked up against the other options. In closing, I am very pleased with Taste of the Wild, and will continue to purchase the product! It was getting so bad it was almost daily. We had him on a popular brand but then started researching the ingredients. The fillers used in this food was among the worst for him. Plus he absolutely loves it. He used to let his food sit in his dish for hours, now he begs to be fed. I take great care as to what I put in my body and that is no different for my dogs. We live an active, adventurous life so they need the best and Taste of The Wild is the best! I have an 8 month blue heeler, 7 year coonhound and 12 year shepherd mix. I can say the only thing different about the puppy verse the old pup is he just got wiser. Date published: Rated 5 out of 5 by christine n buddy from my big boy i have been using taste of the wild for 18 yrs with 3 of my furry kids ; my 2 that passed were on pacific stream ; my boy now is an american bully n our vet recommended a limited protein because Buddy is allergic to many proteins;we tried the ancient grains roasted venison n roasted bison n boom it was an instant hit with him n with mommy here too seeing as no allergys flared up what so ever ; he has now been on it for 4 yrs n we r very pleased n will always use taste of the wild food ; the price is very responsable n the quality is great ; tu so much for such a wonderful product that we fully trust n will recommned to family n friends ; Date published: Rated 5 out of 5 by Bputz23 from Our French Bulldog puppies love this! For the past 8 years we have started all of our French Bulldog puppy litter with this food. As soon as I switch to ancient grains he has been so happy! I prefer ancient grains over the grain free recipe because my vet told us not to go grain free unless there is a real food allergy to grain. I have tried so many different dog foods and this is the only dog food that has helped his stomach issues. I also choose because of the high level of glucosamine for healthy joints, and for the variety of flavors! I can change up to different flavors of the ancient grains and my dog loves getting a new flavor every month! Date published: Rated 4 out of 5 by kima35 from The ingredients are wonderful! I like that they still include grains, as grain-free dog food is now linked to heart problems in dogs. They use quinoa and other ancient grains that are much better for dogs than just the typical corn meal used in dry dog foods. That being said, my dog didnt enjoy it. The kibble is one color and one flavor. My dog, who is very picky, did not take to the food. He likes variety and will pick out the flavors he doesnt like I gave this 4 stars because of the quality of ingredients and because another flavor may resonate with my pup more. Date published: Rated 5 out of 5 by Rubi from Rubi loves her Bison! She is a happy, healthy, girl. Date published: .May 31, Are you head over heels for your adorable French Bulldog puppy? These little bundles of joy bring so much laughter and love into our lives. Best Food for your French Bulldog puppy According to vets and French Bulldog experts in the US, the best bulldog diet should contain proteins, carbohydrates as well as an equal amount of healthy fats for brain power and energy. Just like humans, your dog could be allergic to some kind of food, such as corn or soy, but in most cases, they are actually allergic to fillers found in processed food. These fillers are used to add mass to the product, but have no nutritional value and are difficult to digest. The best way to save your dog from this kind of suffering is avoiding fillers and giving him whole food ingredients. These budget-friendly choices mostly trigger allergies and contribute to various health problems. Having earned the highest of all ratings, NutriSource is a great choice for puppies! Contains all the essential nutrients for the optimum health of your pet. Contains no animal by-products, whole corn, artificial additives or preservatives. Fromm Besides containing nearly all of the essential nutrients, the fact that you can get grain-free varieties and non-grain-free varieties is great. Salmon oil and probiotics have been added to aid digestion and promote good health. No corn and no wheat. Highest consumer ratings! The recipe is based on trout, which is known for its lean, healthy meat. This food provides your dog with essential nutrients such as minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins. The limited ingredient recipe also helps to minimize the risk of your dog developing food allergies or sensitivities. Our recommendations make it easy for you to be certain that you are feeding your dog quality nutrition , but you may prefer to choose yourself. Read on to find out what should you be looking for, and how can you determine which option is the best. Try to choose the blend with the highest protein content for your dog. Protein Sources It is not just about total protein ; you must also consider the sources. Poor protein sources result in poor foods. When looking for food, choose one that contains real, animal-based proteins, such as turkey, beef, buffalo, venison, salmon, or trout. We think Taste of the Wild Ancient Stream Dry Dog Food is the best value in this range, as it contains high-value salmon at a reasonable price. Taste of the Wild PREY Angus Beef Recipe is our premium choice pick, although it is only very slightly more expensive than other offerings in this product line. Whichever dog food you select, be aware that not all dogs like all foods. However, any owners who choose these dog foods can feel confident that they are providing their pets with the best possible diet.